python第三方库的离线安装与自动安装脚本（以flask为例 Ubuntu18.04系统）

1.第三方库安装方式

1.1 pip 安装

以flask为例，使用指令

pip install flask

即可安装
其他选项：

install	安装库
uninstall	卸载库
list	列出已经安装的库
show	列出已安装的库的详细信息
search	通过PyPI搜索库
help	帮助命令

1.2 源码安装

官网获取源文件，进行安装

1.3 pip 离线安装whl

官网获取whl文件进行安装，这样的好处是可以离线安装，但是如果一个一个的获取whl文件，会比较麻烦，而且，不同的包会存在依赖，所以我们最好的方式是通过pip 在线安装，然后获取到whl文件的路径，后按照路径批量下载，后按照顺序进行安装。

2. pipenv环境安装与使用

2.1 pipenv安装和环境创建

pip install pipenv

pipenv环境创建以及使用特定python版本

pipenv  --python=/usr/bin/python3 #指定python版本
pipenv shell # 创建虚拟环境
exit #退出环境
pipenv --rm #删除环境

3.flask安装与whl文件路径url导出

3.1 flask 的pip安装

pip list
pip install flask

3.2 获取whl文件路径并导出url

从中可以看到下载各种库的记录很规整，可以进行使用，要使用的话可以将下载的返回内容导入一个requirement.txt文件内。
指令：pip install flask >> requirement.txt
requirement.txt内容

Looking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simple
Collecting flask
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/cd/77/59df23681f4fd19b7cbbb5e92484d46ad587554f5d490f33ef907e456132/Flask-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (95 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous>=2.0
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/9c/96/26f935afba9cd6140216da5add223a0c465b99d0f112b68a4ca426441019/itsdangerous-2.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting click>=7.1.2
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/4a/a8/0b2ced25639fb20cc1c9784de90a8c25f9504a7f18cd8b5397bd61696d7d/click-8.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Collecting Werkzeug>=2.0
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/f4/f3/22afbdb20cc4654b10c98043414a14057cd27fdba9d4ae61cea596000ba2/Werkzeug-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (289 kB)
Collecting Jinja2>=3.0
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/20/9a/e5d9ec41927401e41aea8af6d16e78b5e612bca4699d417f646a9610a076/Jinja2-3.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
Collecting importlib-metadata
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/a0/a1/b153a0a4caf7a7e3f15c2cd56c7702e2cf3d89b1b359d1f1c5e59d68f4ce/importlib_metadata-4.8.3-py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/e2/a9/eafee9babd4b3aed918d286fbe1c20d1a22d347b30d2bddb3c49919548fa/MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (30 kB)
Collecting dataclasses
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/fe/ca/75fac5856ab5cfa51bbbcefa250182e50441074fdc3f803f6e76451fab43/dataclasses-0.8-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting zipp>=0.5
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/bd/df/d4a4974a3e3957fd1c1fa3082366d7fff6e428ddb55f074bf64876f8e8ad/zipp-3.6.0-py3-none-any.whl (5.3 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions>=3.6.4
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/45/6b/44f7f8f1e110027cf88956b59f2fad776cca7e1704396d043f89effd3a0e/typing_extensions-4.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
Installing collected packages: zipp, typing-extensions, MarkupSafe, importlib-metadata, dataclasses, Werkzeug, Jinja2, itsdangerous, click, flask
Successfully installed Jinja2-3.0.3 MarkupSafe-2.0.1 Werkzeug-2.0.3 click-8.0.4 dataclasses-0.8 flask-2.0.3 importlib-metadata-4.8.3 itsdangerous-2.0.1 typing-extensions-4.1.1 zipp-3.6.0

4.自动化下载whl与安装

4.1 python环境调用shell指令

参考文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnusun/p/16970717.html

4.2 自动化下载whl程序

代码如下：

import sys
import os
import re
import subprocess

baseDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(baseDir)
file_path = 'requirement.txt'
mm = []

def command_func(command):
    #command = command
    #command = 'wget {}'.format(n[2])
    process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    process.wait()
    # 获取命令的输出和错误信息
    output = process.stdout.read()
    error = process.stderr.read()
    # 将输出和错误信息解码为字符串
    output = output.decode(encoding="utf-8")
    error = error.decode(encoding="utf-8")
    # 返回命令的输出和错误信息
    result = {"output": output, "error": error}
    #print(result)

with open(file_path,mode='rt') as file_object:
    for line in file_object:
        if line.startswith('  Dow'):
        #if 'Downloading' in line:
            #mm.append(line)
            n = re.split(r"\s+",line)
            mm.append(n[2])
            #command = 'wget {}'.format(n[2])
            #command_func(command)

file_pip_path = 'install.txt'
with open(file_pip_path,'wt') as file_object2:
    for url in mm:
        #print(url)
        file = url.split('/')[-1]
        file_object2.write(file+'\n')
        #print(url)
# for url in mm:
#     file = url.split('/')[-1]
#     print(file)

mm = os.listdir()
base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
name = 'package'
file_path = os.path.join(base_dir,name)
for file in mm:
    if file.endswith('whl'):
        command = 'mv {} {}'.format(file,file_path)
        command_func(command)

获取到的install.txt文件内容：

Flask-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl
itsdangerous-2.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
click-8.0.4-py3-none-any.whl
Werkzeug-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl
Jinja2-3.0.3-py3-none-any.whl
importlib_metadata-4.8.3-py3-none-any.whl
MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl
dataclasses-0.8-py3-none-any.whl
zipp-3.6.0-py3-none-any.whl
typing_extensions-4.1.1-py3-none-any.whl

4.3 pip安装whl模块

import os
import subprocess
base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
file = 'install.txt'
file_path = os.path.join(base_dir,file)

def command_func(command):
    #command = command
    #command = 'wget {}'.format(n[2])
    process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    process.wait()
    # 获取命令的输出和错误信息
    output = process.stdout.read()
    error = process.stderr.read()
    # 将输出和错误信息解码为字符串
    output = output.decode(encoding="utf-8")
    error = error.decode(encoding="utf-8")
    # 返回命令的输出和错误信息
    result = {"output": output, "error": error}
    print(result)

with open(file_path,mode='rt') as file_object:
    for file in file_object:
        command = "pip install {}".format(file)
        command_func(command)