Java设计模式之装饰者模式(Decorator)实践

       装饰者模式定义:动态地给对象添加一些额外的职责。
       项目中需要扩展类而又不希望增加过多子类的情况下,可以考虑使用装饰者模式。

以下代码演示装饰者模式简单的实际运用:

定义一个抽象的Stationery类:

package com.ldl.cn.DecoratorModel;

public abstract class Stationery {
    String description = "Unknown stationery";
    
    public String getDescription(){
        return description;
    }
    public abstract double cost();
}

定义一个StationeryBox继承Stationery:

package com.ldl.cn.DecoratorModel;

public class StationeryBox extends Stationery{

    public StationeryBox() {
        super();
        description = "一个文具盒";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 20.00;
    }
}

分别定义StationeryBox的子类Pen、Pencil:

package com.ldl.cn.DecoratorModel;

public class Pen extends StationeryBox{

    Stationery stationery;

    public Pen(Stationery stationery) {
        super();
        this.stationery = stationery;
    }

    public String getDescription(){
        return stationery.getDescription()+",加钢笔";
    }
    
    public double cost(){
        return stationery.cost()+30.00;
    }
}

package com.ldl.cn.DecoratorModel;

public class Pencil extends StationeryBox{

    Stationery stationery;

    public Pencil(Stationery stationery) {
        super();
        this.stationery = stationery;
    }

    public String getDescription(){
        return stationery.getDescription() + ",加铅笔";
    }

    public double cost(){
        return stationery.cost() + 5.00;
    }
}

编写测试类:

package com.ldl.cn.DecoratorModel;

public class TestDecoratorPattern {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        Stationery stationery = new StationeryBox();
        System.out.println(stationery.getDescription()+"共需花费:"+stationery.cost());
        
        Stationery stationery2 = new StationeryBox();
        stationery2 = new Pen(stationery2);
        System.out.println(stationery2.getDescription()+"共需花费:"+stationery2.cost());
        
        Stationery stationery3 = new StationeryBox();
        stationery3 = new Pencil(stationery3);
        System.out.println(stationery3.getDescription()+"共需花费:"+stationery3.cost());
        
        Stationery stationery4 = new StationeryBox();
        stationery4 = new Pen(stationery4);
        stationery4 = new Pencil(stationery4);
        System.out.println(stationery4.getDescription()+"共需花费:"+stationery4.cost());
    }
}

运行结果:
一个文具盒共需花费:20.0
一个文具盒,加钢笔共需花费:50.0
一个文具盒,加铅笔共需花费:25.0
一个文具盒,加钢笔,加铅笔共需花费:55.0