Hibernate学习笔记

标题：Hibernate学习笔记
目的：如何使用Hibernate的概念

Author: kagula
环境：
 [1]java version "1.7.0_79"
 [2]Eclipse J2EE Mars.2
 [3]Hibernate 4.3.11
 [4]Win7-64 bits
 [5]MySQL
Date: 2016-11-04
Remark:
 [1]这里只是为了说明概念所以没用上Mavan,Spring.
 [2]Hibernate5需要JDK1.8，所以这里用了Hibernate4.

例子一
使用“类名.hbm.xml”配置映射java数据类型类同数据库之间的映射关系。
这个例子共有两个xml文件和两个java文件组成。
第一步：从官网下载Hibernate
http://hibernate.org/ 官网上选择hibernate ORM，最新是5.2.4版本的，点选下载
保存“hibernate-release-4.3.11.Final.zip”文件到本地并解压。

第二步：在Eclipse中新建Java Project
[3-1]Java Settins->Libraries->AddLibrary新建New Library Name我起名为Hibernate4311
添加...\hibernate-release-4.3.11.Final\lib\required下面的全部jar包
[3-2]Java Settins->Libraries->Add External JARs
添加C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\Connector.J 5.1目录下的mysql-connector-java-5.1.38-bin.jar
Connector J 可以从“http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/”地址中下载。

第三步：配置MySQL数据库
在MySQL命令行下输入
create database kaguladb;
其中“kaguladb”是我MySQL数据库的名字。

第四步：配置Hibernate
hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
     
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
     
    <!-- Database connection settings -->
    <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.135:3306/kaguladb</property>
    <property name="connection.username">kagula</property>
    <property name="connection.password">123456</property>         
         
    <!-- SQL dialect -->
    <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
         
    <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    
    <!-- 如果数据库中表不存在/结构不匹配，新建/更新表结构 -->
    <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
         
    <!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
    <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
     
    <!-- XX.hbm.xml方式指定映射关系 -->
    <!-- <mapping resource="com/sun/hibernate/model/Student.hbm.xml"></mapping> -->
    <mapping resource="Student.hbm.xml"/>
         
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

 

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
 
<hibernate-mapping>
<!-- 如果类在某个package下，必须在hibernate-mapping节点package属性设置package路径，否则会找不到这里指定的Student class -->
    <class name="Student">
        <id name="id"></id>
        <property name="name"></property>
        <property name="age"></property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

其中“Student”是Class的名字。

Final Step：新建JUnit Test Case测试
这一步有两个java文件组成。
Student.java

public class Student {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

 

使用向导新建JUnit Test Case生成TestHibernate.java空白文件
TestHibernate.java源文件清单

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

public class TestHibernate {
	@Test
	public void testHbmXml() {
		try
		{
			Student s = new Student();
			s.setId(1);
	        s.setName("kagula");
	        s.setAge(18);
	        
	        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
	        ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
	        SessionFactory sf = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
	         
	        Session session = sf.openSession();
	        session.beginTransaction();
	        session.save(s);
	        session.getTransaction().commit();
	        session.close();
	        sf.close();  			
		}catch(Exception  ex)
		{
			ex.printStackTrace();			
		}  
	}
}

运行JUnit Test成功，现在查看数据库已经有了Student表。

补充：Annotaion方式配置映射
上面使用的是Student.hbm.xml来建立java同数据库表之间的映射关系
现在通过Annotation方式来实现映射。
在hibernate.cfg.xml中添加指向映射关系的指针信息

    <!-- annotation方式指定映射关系 -->
    <!-- <mapping class="com.sun.hiberante.model.Teacher"></mapping> -->
    <mapping class="Teacher"></mapping>

 

新建Teacher.java

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
 
@Entity
public class Teacher {
     
    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }
     
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String title;
     
}

为TestHibernate.java添加方法，用来测试Annotation方式建立的映射。

	@Test
	public void testAnnotation()
	{
		try
		{
			Teacher t = new Teacher();
	        t.setId(1);
	        t.setName("inuyasha");
	        t.setAge(1589);
	        t.setTitle("metor");
	        
	        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
	        ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
	        SessionFactory sf = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
	         
	        Session session = sf.openSession();
	        session.beginTransaction();
	        session.save(t);
	        session.getTransaction().commit();
	        session.close();
	        sf.close();  			
		}catch(Exception  ex)
		{
			ex.printStackTrace();			
		}  		
	}

 

运行成功，查看数据库已经有了Teacher表。

参考资料：
[1]官网文档
http://hibernate.org/orm/documentation/4.3/