StringBuilder.h 头文件清单
#ifndef _StringBuilder_H_
#define _StringBuilder_H_
#include <list>
#include <string>
// Subset of http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.text.stringbuilder.aspx
template <typename chr>
class StringBuilder {
typedef std::basic_string<chr> string_t;
typedef std::list<string_t> container_t; // Reasons not to use vector below.
typedef typename string_t::size_type size_type; // Reuse the size type in the string.
container_t m_Data;
size_type m_totalSize;
void append(const string_t &src) {
m_Data.push_back(src);
m_totalSize += src.size();
}
// No copy constructor, no assignment.
StringBuilder(const StringBuilder &);
StringBuilder & operator = (const StringBuilder &);
public:
StringBuilder(const string_t &src) {
if (!src.empty()) {
m_Data.push_back(src);
}
m_totalSize = src.size();
}
StringBuilder() {
m_totalSize = 0;
}
// TODO: Constructor that takes an array of strings.
StringBuilder & Append(const string_t &src) {
append(src);
return *this; // allow chaining.
}
// This one lets you add any STL container to the string builder.
template<class inputIterator>
StringBuilder & Add(const inputIterator &first, const inputIterator &afterLast) {
// std::for_each and a lambda look like overkill here.
// <b>Not</b> using std::copy, since we want to update m_totalSize too.
for (inputIterator f = first; f != afterLast; ++f) {
append(*f);
}
return *this; // allow chaining.
}
StringBuilder & AppendLine(const string_t &src) {
static chr lineFeed[] { 10, 0 }; // C++ 11. Feel the love!
m_Data.push_back(src + lineFeed);
m_totalSize += 1 + src.size();
return *this; // allow chaining.
}
StringBuilder & AppendLine() {
static chr lineFeed[] { 10, 0 };
m_Data.push_back(lineFeed);
++m_totalSize;
return *this; // allow chaining.
}
// TODO: AppendFormat implementation. Not relevant for the article.
// Like C# StringBuilder.ToString()
// Note the use of reserve() to avoid reallocations.
string_t ToString() const {
string_t result;
// The whole point of the exercise!
// If the container has a lot of strings, reallocation (each time the result grows) will take a serious toll,
// both in performance and chances of failure.
// I measured (in code I cannot publish) fractions of a second using 'reserve', and almost two minutes using +=.
result.reserve(m_totalSize + 1);
// result = std::accumulate(m_Data.begin(), m_Data.end(), result); // This would lose the advantage of 'reserve'
for (auto iter = m_Data.begin(); iter != m_Data.end(); ++iter) {
result += *iter;
}
return result;
}
// like javascript Array.join()
string_t Join(const string_t &delim) const {
if (delim.empty()) {
return ToString();
}
string_t result;
if (m_Data.empty()) {
return result;
}
// Hope we don't overflow the size type.
size_type st = (delim.size() * (m_Data.size() - 1)) + m_totalSize + 1;
result.reserve(st);
// If you need reasons to love C++11, here is one.
struct adder {
string_t m_Joiner;
adder(const string_t &s) : m_Joiner(s) {
// This constructor is NOT empty.
}
// This functor runs under accumulate() without reallocations, if 'l' has reserved enough memory.
string_t operator()(string_t &l, const string_t &r) {
l += m_Joiner;
l += r;
return l;
}
} adr(delim);
auto iter = m_Data.begin();
// Skip the delimiter before the first element in the container.
result += *iter;
return std::accumulate(++iter, m_Data.end(), result, adr);
}
}; // class StringBuilder
#endif // !_StringBuilder_H_
如何使用,示例代码段
#include "StringBuilder.h"
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
StringBuilder<char> ansi;
ansi.Append("Hello").Append(" ").AppendLine("World");
std::cout << ansi.ToString();
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}