列出比较容易忘记的 C++(C)语言语法及标准库_c++中判断语句的标准库-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lee353086/article/details/6306132

列出比较容易忘记的 C++(C)语言语法及标准库知识点;
Author:kagula       LastUpdateInBlogAt:2011-04-07
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用_access判断文件或文件夹是否存在及其读写权限
http://blog.csdn.net/hurtmanzc/archive/2007/02/13/1508961.aspx
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使用assert()函数，需要注意，在Debug模式下该语句才会被编译器编译。
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比特运算符（&）的优先级要低于==、>等运算符！
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取当前时间
http://bytes.com/topic/c/answers/542675-time_t
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string和wstring相互转换
http://blog.csdn.net/li_guotao/archive/2008/04/20/2308260.aspx
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如何將字串前後的空白去除? (C/C++) (template) (boost)
http://www.cnblogs.com/oomusou/archive/2007/02/22/653592.html
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一个用于Debug的小函数
http://www.wangchao.net.cn/bbsdetail_66023.html
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string与int/float间的转换
http://www.cnblogs.com/dracohan/archive/2008/12/25/1362616.html
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class AddFunctor
{
public:
    int operator()(int x, int y) const
    {
        return x + y;
    }
};

A: There are several ways of creating a singleton class. The most simple approach is shown below:

Code:
class CMySingleton
{
public:
static CMySingleton& Instance()
{
static CMySingleton singleton;
return singleton;
}

// Other non-static member functions
private:
CMySingleton() {};                                 // Private constructor
CMySingleton(const CMySingleton&);                 // Prevent copy-construction
CMySingleton& operator=(const CMySingleton&);      // Prevent assignment
};
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关于C++ const 的全面总结
http://blog.csdn.net/Eric_Jo/archive/2009/04/30/4138548.aspx
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如何用vector申请一个多维数组
http://faq.csdn.net/read/139.html
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运算符重载示例
class test{
friend class test;
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &stream,test &a);
friend test& operator>>(std::istream &stream,test &a);
        friend test operator+(test &a,test &b); //可以使用c=a+b,d=a+b,则c==d。
public:
test()
{
  m_nV=0;
}
test(int a)
{
  m_nV=a;
}
test(test &a)
{
  m_nV=a.m_nV;
}

test& operator ++() //++c
{
this->m_nV++;

return *this;
}

test& operator++(int) //a++
{
  this->m_nV++;
  return *this;
}
/*
test& operator+(test &b) //c=a+b,d=a+b结果c<>d，因为第一次a,事实已经变成a=a+b，所以c!=d
{
  this->m_nV += b.m_nV;

return *this;
}
*/
test& operator[](int i) //a[任意整数]，例：a[5312]
{
return *this;
}

test& operator=(int b)
{
this->m_nV = b;
return *this;
}

private:
int m_nV;
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &stream,test &a) //cout<<a<<endl;
{
stream<<a.m_nV;
return stream;
}

test& operator>>(std::istream &stream,test &a) //cin>>a;
{
char t[64];
stream.getline(t,64);
a.m_nV=atoi(t);
return a;
}

test operator+(test &a,test &b)
{
    return a.m_nV+b.m_nV;
}
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map容器的使用
第一步：定义
map<string,string>    m_map;
第二步：往里面填东西
m_map.insert(map<string,string>::value_type(key,value)); //string key,value;
//m_map["key"]=strValue; //string strValue;
第三步：找指定key的value
map<string,string>::const_iterator iter = m_map.find(key);
if(iter!=m_map.end())
{
    //找到了，返回value
    return iter->second;
}
else
{
     //没找到
}
//cout<<m_map["key"];
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友元class,
下面的例子，表示B能访问A的私有成员
class A{
private:
...
friend class B;
};

class B{
friend class A;
...
};

友元函数和友元类
http://www.cppblog.com/twzheng/articles/21020.html
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如何新建模板类例子
template<class T>class A
{
public:
A(T t)
{
cout<<t<<endl;
}

void sayHello();
};
..............

template <class T> void A<T>::sayHello()
{
cout<<"fasfjasdjkfaskl;!"<<endl;
}
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大小数端变换
#define CHANGE_ENDING(r) (((r & 0xff)<<24) |((r & 0xff00)<<8) |((r & 0xff0000)>>8) |((r & 0xff000000)>>24))
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常见问题
http://www.seebs.net/faqs/c-iaq.html
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初始化类的静态成员变量
class CSpellChecker {
static int m_nRefCount; // How many others are using this?
......
};
int CSpellChecker:: m_nRefCount = 0;
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C++参考手册
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/list/
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如果你想要把自己的Class（含new 、delete内存管理代码）放在STL容器里，正常使用
需要在你的class里实现Copy Constructor Function
再谈拷贝构造函数（Copy Constructor Function）
http://www.cppblog.com/dawnbreak/archive/2009/02/11/68697.html

对需要保存到容器中的对象的类型来说，每个类都必须至少实现拷贝构造函数，最好还能重载赋值操作符。
class TMyClass {
        private:
        ...
        public:
        TMyClass(..);

        // 拷贝构造函数
        TMyClass(const TMyClass& obj) { *this = obj; }

        // 赋值操作符
        TMyClass& operator=(const TMyClass& obj);
        ...
};
当你把一个对象的实例插入到容器中，STL会自己重新生成一个此对象的拷贝，因此拷贝构造函数就成为必须的了。
如果你没有为拷贝构造函数写正确的代码，
这样，就有可能造成list中对象的某些数据成员没有初始化。

Source:STL使用入门( Using STL) http://oss.org.cn/?action-viewnews-itemid-3746
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前向引用示例
template <class T> class CCellMemoryContainer;
下面的Class引用CCellMemoryContainer
对CCellMemoryContainer进行定义
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取int能表示的最大整数

#include <limits>

numeric_limits<int>::max()
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带可变参数列表的宏定义可变参数列表在函数中的传递使用方式举例
...omit...
static void output(std::string strLevel,std::string strFN,int nLine,std::string lpFmt, va_list _ArgList)
{
...omit...
vsprintf_s(Msg,lpFmt.c_str(),_ArgList);
...omit...
}
...omit...
static void err(std::string strFN,int nLine,std::string lpFmt,...)
{
  std::string strArgument("Err");
  output(strArgument,strFN,nLine,lpFmt, va_list(1+&lpFmt));
}
...omit...
#define info(lpFmt,...) err(__FILE__,__LINE__,lpFmt,## __VA_ARGS__)
...omit...
info("%s %d",strT.c_str(),nT);
...omit...
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class AddFunctor
{
public:
    int operator()(int x, int y) const
    {
        return x + y;
    }
};

由于它实现调用运算符，因此可像使用函数一样来使用函数对象：
复制代码
   AddFunctor fo;

   int result = fo(4, 5);
   ASSERT(4 + 5 == result);
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测试函数的执行时间(精确到微秒，一毫秒=1000微秒，一秒=1000毫秒)
http://www.cnblogs.com/diylab/archive/2009/01/09/1372313.html
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