spark源码阅读笔记RDD（七） RDD的创建、读取和保存

       Spark支持很多输入和输出源，同时还支持内建RDD。Spark本身是基于Hadoop的生态圈，它可以通过

Hadoop MapReduce所使用的InpoutFormat和OutputFormat接口访问数据。而且大部分的文件格式和存储系统

（HDFS,Hbase，S3等）都支持这种接口。Spark常见的数据源如下：

（1） 文件格式和文件系统，也就是我们经常用的TXT，JSON,CSV等這些文件格式

（2）SparkSQL中的结构化数据源

（3）数据库与键值存储（Hbase和JDBC源）

当然最简单的就是自己内部创建的RDD了，所以先从内部创建开始

RDD内部创建

对于spark内部创建，我们可以看看SparkContext这个类下面有什么函数用于创建RDD。发现有三个函数

parallelize、range和makeRDD。

（1）parallelize函数

 def parallelize[T: ClassTag](
      seq: Seq[T],
      numSlices: Int = defaultParallelism): RDD[T] = withScope {
    assertNotStopped()/*判断是否是个有效的SparkContext*/
    new ParallelCollectionRDD[T](this, seq, numSlices, Map[Int, Seq[String]]())
  }

  输入：(seq: Seq[T],numSlices: Int = defaultParallelism)
  seq是一个序列，numSlices有一个默认值defaultParallelism，它的大小是有task决定，task在默认情况下又是core决定
  实现：由一个ParallelCollectionRDD实现，现在来看看ParallelCollectionRDD这个类

  private[spark] class ParallelCollectionRDD[T: ClassTag](
    sc: SparkContext,
    @transient private val data: Seq[T],
    numSlices: Int,
    locationPrefs: Map[Int, Seq[String]])
    extends RDD[T](sc, Nil) {
  // TODO: Right now, each split sends along its full data, even if later down the RDD chain it gets
  // cached. It might be worthwhile to write the data to a file in the DFS and read it in the split
  // instead.
  // UPDATE: A parallel collection can be checkpointed to HDFS, which achieves this goal.

  override def getPartitions: Array[Partition] = {
    val slices = ParallelCollectionRDD.slice(data, numSlices).toArray
    slices.indices.map(i => new ParallelCollectionPartition(id, i, slices(i))).toArray
  }

  override def compute(s: Partition, context: TaskContext): Iterator[T] = {
    new InterruptibleIterator(context, s.asInstanceOf[ParallelCollectionPartition[T]].iterator)
  }

  override def getPreferredLocations(s: Partition): Seq[String] = {
    locationPrefs.getOrElse(s.index, Nil)
  }
}

ParallelCollectionRDD这个类重写了RDD内部原始的三个方法。重点部分是getPartition这个函数。

再来查看ParallelCollectionRDD.slice，源码如下：

def slice[T: ClassTag](seq: Seq[T], numSlices: Int): Seq[Seq[T]] = {
  if (numSlices < 1) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Positive number of slices required")
  }
  // Sequences need to be sliced at the same set of index positions for operations
  // like RDD.zip() to behave as expected
  def positions(length: Long, numSlices: Int): Iterator[(Int, Int)] = {
    (0 until numSlices).iterator.map(i => {
      val start = ((i * length) / numSlices).toInt
      val end = (((i + 1) * length) / numSlices).toInt
      (start, end)
    })
  }
  seq match {
    case r: Range => {
      positions(r.length, numSlices).zipWithIndex.map({ case ((start, end), index) =>
        // If the range is inclusive, use inclusive range for the last slice
        if (r.isInclusive && index == numSlices - 1) {
          new Range.Inclusive(r.start + start * r.step, r.end, r.step)
        }
        else {
          new Range(r.start + start * r.step, r.start + end * r.step, r.step)
        }
      }).toSeq.asInstanceOf[Seq[Seq[T]]]
    }
    case nr: NumericRange[_] => {
      // For ranges of Long, Double, BigInteger, etc
      val slices = new ArrayBuffer[Seq[T]](numSlices)
      var r = nr
      for ((start, end) <- positions(nr.length, numSlices)) {
        val sliceSize = end - start
        slices += r.take(sliceSize).asInstanceOf[Seq[T]]
        r = r.drop(sliceSize)
      }
      slices
    }
    case _ => {
      val array = seq.toArray // To prevent O(n^2) operations for List etc
      positions(array.length, numSlices).map({
        case (start, end) =>
          array.slice(start, end).toSeq
      }).toSeq
    }
  }

下图是：五个元素，分两片流程：

（2）range函数

 def range(
      start: Long,
      end: Long,
      step: Long = 1,
      numSlices: Int = defaultParallelism): RDD[Long] = withScope {
    assertNotStopped()
    // when step is 0, range will run infinitely
    require(step != 0, "step cannot be 0")
    val numElements: BigInt = {
      val safeStart = BigInt(start)
      val safeEnd = BigInt(end)
      if ((safeEnd - safeStart) % step == 0 || (safeEnd > safeStart) != (step > 0)) {
        (safeEnd - safeStart) / step
      } else {
        // the remainder has the same sign with range, could add 1 more
        (safeEnd - safeStart) / step + 1
      }
    }
    parallelize(0 until numSlices, numSlices).mapPartitionsWithIndex((i, _) => {
      val partitionStart = (i * numElements) / numSlices * step + start
      val partitionEnd = (((i + 1) * numElements) / numSlices) * step + start
      def getSafeMargin(bi: BigInt): Long =
        if (bi.isValidLong) {
          bi.toLong
        } else if (bi > 0) {
          Long.MaxValue
        } else {
          Long.MinValue
        }
      val safePartitionStart = getSafeMargin(partitionStart)
      val safePartitionEnd = getSafeMargin(partitionEnd)

      new Iterator[Long] {
        private[this] var number: Long = safePartitionStart
        private[this] var overflow: Boolean = false

        override def hasNext =
          if (!overflow) {
            if (step > 0) {
              number < safePartitionEnd
            } else {
              number > safePartitionEnd
            }
          } else false

        override def next() = {
          val ret = number
          number += step
          if (number < ret ^ step < 0) {
            // we have Long.MaxValue + Long.MaxValue < Long.MaxValue
            // and Long.MinValue + Long.MinValue > Long.MinValue, so iff the step causes a step
            // back, we are pretty sure that we have an overflow.
            overflow = true
          }
          ret
        }
      }
    })
  }

对于Range函数创建RDD，需要注意的是它的类型是Long

（3）  makeRDD函数

  /** Distribute a local Scala collection to form an RDD.
   *
   * This method is identical to `parallelize`.
   */
  def makeRDD[T: ClassTag](
      seq: Seq[T],
      numSlices: Int = defaultParallelism): RDD[T] = withScope {
    parallelize(seq, numSlices)
  }

  /** Distribute a local Scala collection to form an RDD, with one or more
    * location preferences (hostnames of Spark nodes) for each object.
    * Create a new partition for each collection item. */
  def makeRDD[T: ClassTag](seq: Seq[(T, Seq[String])]): RDD[T] = withScope {
    assertNotStopped()
    val indexToPrefs = seq.zipWithIndex.map(t => (t._2, t._1._2)).toMap
    new ParallelCollectionRDD[T](this, seq.map(_._1), seq.size, indexToPrefs)
  }

发现第一个makeRDD其实就是调用了parallelize函数，功能和 parallelize一样。但是第二个makeRDD有点不同

输入不同： seq: Seq[(T, Seq[String])

输出不同：ParallelCollectionRDD[T](this, seq.map(_._1), seq.size, indexToPrefs)

上面的注释说明了：这个函数还可以提供在那个节点的信息

现在通过实验来比较各自的使用

package RDD

import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}

/**
  * Created by legotime on 2016/5/6.
  */
object CreateRDD {
  def myfunc(index: Int, iter: Iterator[(Long)]) : Iterator[String] = {
    iter.toList.map(x => "[partID:" +  index + ", val: " + x + "]").iterator
  }
  def myfunc1(index: Int, iter: Iterator[(String)]) : Iterator[String] = {
    iter.toList.map(x => "[partID:" +  index + ", val: " + x + "]").iterator
  }

  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("CreateRDD").setMaster("local")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)

    //========================= 内部创建RDD===============================
    //parallelize函数
    val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(List("V1","V2","V3","V4","V5"),2)
    rdd1.mapPartitionsWithIndex(myfunc1).collect.foreach(println)
    //[partID:0, val: V1]
    //[partID:0, val: V2]
    //[partID:1, val: V3]
    //[partID:1, val: V4]
    //[partID:1, val: V5]

    //range函数
    val rdd2 = sc.range(1L,9L,2L,3)
    rdd2.mapPartitionsWithIndex(myfunc).collect.foreach(println)
    //[partID:0, val: 1]
    //[partID:1, val: 3]
    //[partID:2, val: 5]
    //[partID:2, val: 7]


    //第一种makeRDD函数
    val rdd3 = sc.makeRDD(List("V1","V2","V3","V4","V5"),2)
    rdd3.mapPartitionsWithIndex(myfunc1).collect.foreach(println)
    //[partID:0, val: V1]
    //[partID:0, val: V2]
    //[partID:1, val: V3]
    //[partID:1, val: V4]
    //[partID:1, val: V5]


    //第二种makeRDD函数
    val info = List(("nameInfo", List("lego", "time")), ("contactInfo", List("467804502@qq.com", "467804502")))
    val rdd4 = sc.makeRDD(info)
    for(i <- 0 to 1){
      println(rdd4.preferredLocations(rdd4.partitions(i)))
    }
    
    //List(lego, time)
    //List(467804502@qq.com, 467804502)









    sc.stop()


  }
}

RDD读取和保存