Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

1. 什么是关联(association)

关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。
例如:

class B{
		private String name;
	  }
  public class A{
        private B b = new B;
        public A(){}
      }

2.Set元素中的cascade|inverse|outter-join|lazy属性作用
2.1 lazy:默认值为true,true延迟加载,false立即加载(一般设置为true,不使用立即加载,因为影响查询性能)
2.2 outter-join:默认值为false,true使用左外联接查询关联的(但一般不用，因为当我们把该属性设置为true时，所有的查询语句都会默认左外联，那样性能不高)
2.3 inverse:默认值为false,true表示将对方设置为主控方(一对多双向关联中一般将多方设置为主控方,这样可以减少SQL语句的数量,减少多余的操作)
2.4 cascade:用来控制如何操作关联的持久化对象的
2.4.1 none:保存，更新或删除当前对象时，忽略其它关联的对象
2.4.2 save-update:保存、更新时级联保存所有的临时对象，并且级联更新关联的游离对象
2.4.3 delete:通过session的delete方法删除当前对象，级联删除关联的对象
2.4.4 all:等于save-update操作+delete操作
3. 案例:如何建立客户和订单一对多双向关联
工具类SessionFactoryUtils.java

package com.lzy.two.uity;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
 * 本工具类的作用：
 * 1.简化代码的书写
 * 2.检测hibernate相关的配置是否正确
 * @author
 *
 */
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
 private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 static {
  Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
  sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
 }
 
 public static Session openSession() {
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  if(session == null) {
   session = sessionFactory.openSession();
  }
  return session;
 }
 
 public static void closeSession() {
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
   session.close();
  }
 }
 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  session.beginTransaction();
  System.out.println(session.isConnected());
  SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
  System.out.println(session.isConnected());
 }
}

实体类Order.java

package com.lzy.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
 private Integer orderId;
 private String orderNo;
 private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<>();
 public Integer getOrderId() {
  return orderId;
 }
 public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
  this.orderId = orderId;
 }
 public String getOrderNo() {
  return orderNo;
 }
 public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
  this.orderNo = orderNo;
 }
 public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
  return orderItems;
 }
 public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
  this.orderItems = orderItems;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
  return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
 }
}

OrderItem.java

package com.lzy.three.entity;
public class OrderItem {
 private Integer orderItemId;
 private Integer productId;
 private Integer quantity;
 private Integer oid;
 private Order order;
 public Integer getOrderItemId() {
  return orderItemId;
 }
 public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
  this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
 }
 public Integer getProductId() {
  return productId;
 }
 public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
  this.productId = productId;
 }
 public Integer getQuantity() {
  return quantity;
 }
 public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
  this.quantity = quantity;
 }
 public Integer getOid() {
  return oid;
 }
 public void setOid(Integer oid) {
  this.oid = oid;
 }
 public Order getOrder() {
  return order;
 }
 public void setOrder(Order order) {
  this.order = order;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
  return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity
    + ", oid=" + oid + "]";
 } 
}

配置文件Order.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
 <class name="com.lzy.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
  <id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
   <generator class="increment" />
  </id>
  <property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
  </property>
  <!-- 
        bag标签
                     name:当前要映射的类的关联属性
                 cascade:维护关联关系
                 inverse:决定由谁来维护关联关系
         key标签
                  column:表的外键对应的列段
          one-to-many标签
                        class:关联属性对应的类的全路径名
   -->
  <bag  name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
      <key column="oid"></key>
      <one-to-many class="com.lzy.three.entity.OrderItem"></one-to-many>
  </bag>
 </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

OrderItem.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
 <class name="com.lzy.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
  <id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
   <generator class="increment" />
  </id>
  <property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
  </property>
  <property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
  </property>
  <property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
  </property>
  <!-- 
         many-to-one :多对一的配置（因为多个订单对应一个订单）
                        name :指的是当前所要映射的类com.lzy.three.entity.OrderItem的关联属性order
                            class :指的是关联属性的类别（全路径名）
                      column :指的是外键
      -->
  <many-to-one name="order" class="com.lzy.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
  
 </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置hibernate.cfg.xml

package com.lzy.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.lzy.three.entity.Order;
import com.lzy.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.lzy.two.uity.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
 /**
  * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
  *  讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
  * @param order
  * @return
  */
 public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
  Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
  transaction.commit();
  session.close();
  return oid;
 }
 
 public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
  Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
  transaction.commit();
  session.close();
  return otid;
 }
 
 /**
  * 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
  *  1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
  *  2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
  * @param order
  * @return
  */
 public Order getOrder(Order order) {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
  Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
//  if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
//   Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
   System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
//  }
  transaction.commit();
  session.close();
  return o;
 }
 
 public List<Order> getOrderList() {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
  List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
  transaction.commit();
  session.close();
  return list;
 }
/**
  * 主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
  * @param order
  */
 public void delOrder(Order order) {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
  Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
  for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
   session.delete(oi);
  }
  session.delete(order2);
//  session.delete(order);
  transaction.commit();
  session.close();
 }
}

测试DemoDaoTest.java

package com.lzy.three.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.lzy.three.entity.Order;
import com.lzy.three.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
	private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao();
	@Test
 public void testAddOrder() {
  Order order=new Order();
  order.setOrderNo("炸鸡翅");
  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
   OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
   oi.setProductId(6+i);
   oi.setQuantity(15+i);
   order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
   oi.setOrder(order);
  }
  demoDao.addOrder(order);
 }
 @Test
 public void testAddOrderItem() {
  OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
  oi.setProductId(1);
  oi.setQuantity(68);
  Order order=new Order();
  order.setOrderId(11);
  oi.setOrder(order);
  demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
 }
}

4.懒加载
意义：懒加载的主要目的就是作为服务器前端的优化，减少请求次数或者延迟请求数。
实现原理: 先加载一部分数据，当触发某个条件时利用异步加载剩余的数据，新得到的数据不会影响原有数据的显示，同时最大幅度的减少服务器端资源耗用。
在Order实体类中加入以下属性

private Integer initChildren = 1;//0代表默认懒加载 1代表强制加载
 public Integer getInitChildren() {
   return initChildren;
  }
 public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
   this.initChildren = initChildren;
  }

方法

/**
  * 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
  *  1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
  *  2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
  * @param order
  * @return
  */
 public Order getOrder(Order order) {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
  Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
  Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
     if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
       Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
//   System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
  }
  transaction.commit();
  session.close();
  return o;
 }

测试

 /**
  * 懒加载
  */
 @Test
 public void testGetOrder() {
  Order order=new Order();
  order.setOrderId(11);
  order.setInitChildren(1);
  Order o=demoDao.getOrder(order);
  //failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
  //com.lzy.three.entity.Order.orderItems,  could not initialize proxy - no Session  
  System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
  System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
 }

 @Test
 public void testGetOrderList() {
  List<Order> orders=demoDao.getOrderList();
  for (Order order : orders) {
   System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
  }
 }