Okhttp源码解析之Interceptor(拦截器)

上一篇博客，我们一步步了解了Okhttp网络请求的基本流程以及源码解析，最后我们发现核心的问题都放在了一系列的拦截器上面，本章我就会对各个拦截器一一一结合源码去理解okhttp的网络请求是如何获取到网络数据的。上篇博客的地址：（http://blog.csdn.net/lepaitianshi/article/details/72392577）

getResponseWithInterceptorChain

还是先从getResponseWithInterceptorChain源码入手吧！！！

 Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
    // Build a full stack of interceptors.
    List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
    interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());（1）
    interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);（2）
    interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));（3）
    interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));（4）
    interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));（5）
    if (!forWebSocket) {
      interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());（6）
    }
    interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));（7）

    Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(
        interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest);（8）
    return chain.proceed(originalRequest);（9）
  }

（1）首先添加的是我们自己定义的一些拦截器
（2）添加了重试和请求重定向的拦截器（该对象在RealCall的构造方法里面实例化的）
（3）添加了桥接拦截器
（4）添加缓存拦截器
（5）添加连接拦截器
（6）这里有一个判断，我们查看源码可以得知这个判断的结果，答案就在RealCall的实例里面

@Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
    return new RealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
  }

所以，会添加网络拦截器
（7）添加请求服务的拦截器
（8）、（9）实例化一个拦截器链，链式执行拦截器，而拦截器的index是从0开始的

public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
      RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
    if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();

    calls++;

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
    if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must retain the same host and port");
    }

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
    if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Call the next interceptor in the chain.执行下一个拦截器
    RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(
        interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index + 1, request);
    Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
    Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);

    // Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
    if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
    if (response == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
    }

    return response;
  }

既然是链式执行的，肯定会有结束的。如果仔细看源码，你会发现，除了CallServerInterceptor的intercept（）没有调用proceed（）方法，其他都有调用，这是因为他是最后一个拦截器，所以不用执行，而是直接返回网络请求的Response。

RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor

/**
 * This interceptor recovers from failures and follows redirects as necessary. It may throw an
 * {@link IOException} if the call was canceled.
 */
public final class RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  /**
   * How many redirects and auth challenges should we attempt? Chrome follows 21 redirects; Firefox,
   * curl, and wget follow 20; Safari follows 16; and HTTP/1.0 recommends 5.
   */
  private static final int MAX_FOLLOW_UPS = 20;

  private final OkHttpClient client;
  private final boolean forWebSocket;
  private StreamAllocation streamAllocation;
  private Object callStackTrace;
  private volatile boolean canceled;
  //forWebSocket=false
  public RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(OkHttpClient client, boolean forWebSocket) {
    this.client = client;
    this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
  }

  /**
   * Immediately closes the socket connection if it's currently held. Use this to interrupt an
   * in-flight request from any thread. It's the caller's responsibility to close the request body
   * and response body streams; otherwise resources may be leaked.
   *
   * <p>This method is safe to be called concurrently, but provides limited guarantees. If a
   * transport layer connection has been established (such as a HTTP/2 stream) that is terminated.
   * Otherwise if a socket connection is being established, that is terminated.
   */
  public void cancel() {
    canceled = true;
    StreamAllocation streamAllocation = this.streamAllocation;
    if (streamAllocation != null) streamAllocation.cancel();
  }

  public boolean isCanceled() {
    return canceled;
  }

  public void setCallStackTrace(Object callStackTrace) {
    this.callStackTrace = callStackTrace;
  }

  public StreamAllocation streamAllocation() {
    return streamAllocation;
  }

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request request = chain.request();
     //首先创建了一个StreamAllocation，StreamAllocation是用来做连接分配的
     streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(
        client.connectionPool(), createAddress(request.url()), callStackTrace);

    int followUpCount = 0;
    Response priorResponse = null;
    while (true) {
    //查看请求是否已经取消
      if (canceled) {
        streamAllocation.release();
        throw new IOException("Canceled");
      }

      Response response = null;
      boolean releaseConnection = true;
      try {
      //调用RealInterceptorChain的proceed处理这个请求并把刚创建的StreamAllocation传递进去
        response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);
        //没有出现异常，则说明请求完成，设置releaseConnection为false,出现异常则将releaseConnection置为true,并释放前面创建的StreamAllocation
        releaseConnection = false;
      } catch (RouteException e) {
        // The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
        if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), false, request)) {
          throw e.getLastConnectException();
        }
        releaseConnection = false;
        continue;
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
        boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);
        if (!recover(e, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;
        releaseConnection = false;
        continue;
      } finally {
        // We're throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
        if (releaseConnection) {
          streamAllocation.streamFailed(null);
          streamAllocation.release();
        }
      }

      // Attach the prior response if it exists. Such responses never have a body.
      //priorResponse不为空，则说明前面已经获取到了响应，这里会结合当前获取的Response和先前的Response
      if (priorResponse != null) {
        response = response.newBuilder()
            .priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder()
                    .body(null)
                    .build())
            .build();
      }
      //调用followUpRequest查看响应是否需要重定向
      Request followUp = followUpRequest(response);
      //如果不需要重定向则返回当前请求,退出while循环
      if (followUp == null) {
        if (!forWebSocket) {
          streamAllocation.release();
        }
        return response;
      }

      closeQuietly(response.body());

      if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) {
        streamAllocation.release();
        throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount);
      }

      if (followUp.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) {
        streamAllocation.release();
        throw new HttpRetryException("Cannot retry streamed HTTP body", response.code());
      }

      if (!sameConnection(response, followUp.url())) {
        streamAllocation.release();
        streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(
            client.connectionPool(), createAddress(followUp.url()), callStackTrace);
      } else if (streamAllocation.codec() != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Closing the body of " + response
            + " didn't close its backing stream. Bad interceptor?");
      }

      request = followUp;
      priorResponse = response;
    }
  }

  private Address createAddress(HttpUrl url) {
    SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = null;
    HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = null;
    CertificatePinner certificatePinner = null;
    if (url.isHttps()) {
      sslSocketFactory = client.sslSocketFactory();
      hostnameVerifier = client.hostnameVerifier();
      certificatePinner = client.certificatePinner();
    }

    return new Address(url.host(), url.port(), client.dns(), client.socketFactory(),
        sslSocketFactory, hostnameVerifier, certificatePinner, client.proxyAuthenticator(),
        client.proxy(), client.protocols(), client.connectionSpecs(), client.proxySelector());
  }

  /**
   * Report and attempt to recover from a failure to communicate with a server. Returns true if
   * {@code e} is recoverable, or false if the failure is permanent. Requests with a body can only
   * be recovered if the body is buffered or if the failure occurred before the request has been
   * sent.
   */
  private boolean recover(IOException e, boolean requestSendStarted, Request userRequest) {
    streamAllocation.streamFailed(e);

    // The application layer has forbidden retries.
    if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure()) return false;

    // We can't send the request body again.
    if (requestSendStarted && userRequest.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) return false;

    // This exception is fatal.
    if (!isRecoverable(e, requestSendStarted)) return false;

    // No more routes to attempt.
    if (!streamAllocation.hasMoreRoutes()) return false;

    // For failure recovery, use the same route selector with a new connection.
    return true;
  }

  private boolean isRecoverable(IOException e, boolean requestSendStarted) {
    // If there was a protocol problem, don't recover.
    if (e instanceof ProtocolException) {
      return false;
    }

    // If there was an interruption don't recover, but if there was a timeout connecting to a route
    // we should try the next route (if there is one).
    if (e instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
      return e instanceof SocketTimeoutException && !requestSendStarted;
    }

    // Look for known client-side or negotiation errors that are unlikely to be fixed by trying
    // again with a different route.
    if (e instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
      // If the problem was a CertificateException from the X509TrustManager,
      // do not retry.
      if (e.getCause() instanceof CertificateException) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    if (e instanceof SSLPeerUnverifiedException) {
      // e.g. a certificate pinning error.
      return false;
    }

    // An example of one we might want to retry with a different route is a problem connecting to a
    // proxy and would manifest as a standard IOException. Unless it is one we know we should not
    // retry, we return true and try a new route.
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Figures out the HTTP request to make in response to receiving {@code userResponse}. This will
   * either add authentication headers, follow redirects or handle a client request timeout. If a
   * follow-up is either unnecessary or not applicable, this returns null.
   */
   //否需要重定向的判断followUpRequest
  private Request followUpRequest(Response userResponse) throws IOException {
    if (userResponse == null) throw new IllegalStateException();
    Connection connection = streamAllocation.connection();
    Route route = connection != null
        ? connection.route()
        : null;
    int responseCode = userResponse.code();

    final String method = userResponse.request().method();
    switch (responseCode) {
      case HTTP_PROXY_AUTH:
        Proxy selectedProxy = route != null
            ? route.proxy()
            : client.proxy();
        if (selectedProxy.type() != Proxy.Type.HTTP) {
          throw new ProtocolException("Received HTTP_PROXY_AUTH (407) code while not using proxy");
        }
        return client.proxyAuthenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse);

      case HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED:
        return client.authenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse);

      case HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT:
      case HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT:
        // "If the 307 or 308 status code is received in response to a request other than GET
        // or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request"
        if (!method.equals("GET") && !method.equals("HEAD")) {
          return null;
        }
        // fall-through
      case HTTP_MULT_CHOICE:
      case HTTP_MOVED_PERM:
      case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP:
      case HTTP_SEE_OTHER:
        // Does the client allow redirects?
        if (!client.followRedirects()) return null;

        String location = userResponse.header("Location");
        if (location == null) return null;
        HttpUrl url = userResponse.request().url().resolve(location);

        // Don't follow redirects to unsupported protocols.
        if (url == null) return null;

        // If configured, don't follow redirects between SSL and non-SSL.
        boolean sameScheme = url.scheme().equals(userResponse.request().url().scheme());
        if (!sameScheme && !client.followSslRedirects()) return null;

        // Most redirects don't include a request body.
        Request.Builder requestBuilder = userResponse.request().newBuilder();
        if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(method)) {
          final boolean maintainBody = HttpMethod.redirectsWithBody(method);
          if (HttpMethod.redirectsToGet(method)) {
            requestBuilder.method("GET", null);
          } else {
            RequestBody requestBody = maintainBody ? userResponse.request().body() : null;
            requestBuilder.method(method, requestBody);
          }
          if (!maintainBody) {
            requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
            requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
            requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Type");
          }
        }

        // When redirecting across hosts, drop all authentication headers. This
        // is potentially annoying to the application layer since they have no
        // way to retain them.
        if (!sameConnection(userResponse, url)) {
          requestBuilder.removeHeader("Authorization");
        }

        return requestBuilder.url(url).build();

      case HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT:
        // 408's are rare in practice, but some servers like HAProxy use this response code. The
        // spec says that we may repeat the request without modifications. Modern browsers also
        // repeat the request (even non-idempotent ones.)
        if (userResponse.request().body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) {
          return null;
        }

        return userResponse.request();

      default:
        return null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if an HTTP request for {@code followUp} can reuse the connection used by this
   * engine.
   */
  private boolean sameConnection(Response response, HttpUrl followUp) {
    HttpUrl url = response.request().url();
    return url.host().equals(followUp.host())
        && url.port() == followUp.port()
        && url.scheme().equals(followUp.scheme());
  }
}

重要的地方已经在源码处加入注释，细节的地方就不深究了，大概了解一下其流程结构即可！

BridgeInterceptor

public final class BridgeInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  private final CookieJar cookieJar;

  public BridgeInterceptor(CookieJar cookieJar) {
    this.cookieJar = cookieJar;
  }

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request userRequest = chain.request();
    Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder();

    RequestBody body = userRequest.body();
    if (body != null) {
      MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
      if (contentType != null) {
        requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString());
      }

      long contentLength = body.contentLength();
      if (contentLength != -1) {
        requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength));
        requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
      } else {
        requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
        requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
      }
    }

    if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) {
      requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false));
    }

    if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) {
      requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    }

    // If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
    // the transfer stream.
    boolean transparentGzip = false;
    if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
      transparentGzip = true;
      requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
    }

    List<Cookie> cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url());
    if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
      requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
    }

    if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {
      requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent());
    }

    Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build());

    HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers());

    Response.Builder responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()
        .request(userRequest);

    if (transparentGzip
        && "gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"))
        && HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) {
      GzipSource responseBody = new GzipSource(networkResponse.body().source());
      Headers strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder()
          .removeAll("Content-Encoding")
          .removeAll("Content-Length")
          .build();
      responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders);
      responseBuilder.body(new RealResponseBody(strippedHeaders, Okio.buffer(responseBody)));
    }

    return responseBuilder.build();
  }

  /** Returns a 'Cookie' HTTP request header with all cookies, like {@code a=b; c=d}. */
  private String cookieHeader(List<Cookie> cookies) {
    StringBuilder cookieHeader = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0, size = cookies.size(); i < size; i++) {
      if (i > 0) {
        cookieHeader.append("; ");
      }
      Cookie cookie = cookies.get(i);
      cookieHeader.append(cookie.name()).append('=').append(cookie.value());
    }
    return cookieHeader.toString();
  }
}

源码可以看出，BridgeInterreptor的主要业务就是处理我们Request的Header相关的信息。

ConnectInterceptor

/** 
*连接服务端并且继续下一个拦截器
*Opens a connection to the target server and proceeds to the next interceptor. */
public final class ConnectInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  public final OkHttpClient client;

  public ConnectInterceptor(OkHttpClient client) {
    this.client = client;
  }

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
    Request request = realChain.request();
    StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation();

    // We need the network to satisfy this request. Possibly for validating a conditional GET.
    boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks = !request.method().equals("GET");
    /**
    *HttpCodec 是对 HTTP 协议操作的抽象，有两个实现：Http1Codec 和 Http2Codec，顾名思义，它们分别   对应HTTP/1.1 和 HTTP/2 版本的实现。在 Http1Codec 中，它利用 Okio 对 Socket 的读写操作进行封装
    *
    */
    HttpCodec httpCodec = streamAllocation.newStream(client, doExtensiveHealthChecks);
    //获取一个连接
    RealConnection connection = streamAllocation.connection();
    //继续执行下一个拦截器
    return realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
  }
}

CallServerInterceptor

//这是最后一个拦截器，它向服务端发送了一个请求
/** This is the last interceptor in the chain. It makes a network call to the server. */
public final class CallServerInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  private final boolean forWebSocket;

  public CallServerInterceptor(boolean forWebSocket) {
    this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
  }

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
    HttpCodec httpCodec = realChain.httpStream();
    StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation();
    RealConnection connection = (RealConnection) realChain.connection();
    Request request = realChain.request();

    long sentRequestMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
    httpCodec.writeRequestHeaders(request);（1）

    Response.Builder responseBuilder = null;
    if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method()) && request.body() != null) {
      // If there's a "Expect: 100-continue" header on the request, wait for a "HTTP/1.1 100
      // Continue" response before transmitting the request body. If we don't get that, return what
      // we did get (such as a 4xx response) without ever transmitting the request body.
      if ("100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(request.header("Expect"))) {
        httpCodec.flushRequest();
        responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(true);
      }

      if (responseBuilder == null) {
        // Write the request body if the "Expect: 100-continue" expectation was met.
        Sink requestBodyOut = httpCodec.createRequestBody(request, request.body().contentLength());
        BufferedSink bufferedRequestBody = Okio.buffer(requestBodyOut);
        request.body().writeTo(bufferedRequestBody);（2）
        bufferedRequestBody.close();
      } else if (!connection.isMultiplexed()) {
        // If the "Expect: 100-continue" expectation wasn't met, prevent the HTTP/1 connection from
        // being reused. Otherwise we're still obligated to transmit the request body to leave the
        // connection in a consistent state.
        streamAllocation.noNewStreams();
      }
    }

    httpCodec.finishRequest();（3）

    if (responseBuilder == null) {
      responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(false);（4）
    }

    Response response = responseBuilder
        .request(request)
        .handshake(streamAllocation.connection().handshake())
        .sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)
        .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
        .build();

    int code = response.code();
    if (forWebSocket && code == 101) {
      // Connection is upgrading, but we need to ensure interceptors see a non-null response body.
      response = response.newBuilder()
          .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
          .build();
    } else {
      response = response.newBuilder()
          .body(httpCodec.openResponseBody(response))（5）
          .build();
    }

    if ("close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.request().header("Connection"))
        || "close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.header("Connection"))) {
      streamAllocation.noNewStreams();
    }

    if ((code == 204 || code == 205) && response.body().contentLength() > 0) {
      throw new ProtocolException(
          "HTTP " + code + " had non-zero Content-Length: " + response.body().contentLength());
    }

    return response;
  }
}

（1）向服务端写入请求头
（2）向服务端写入请求体
（3）结束请求
（4）读取响应头
（5）读取响应体
至此，Okhttp的整个初略流程已经展现出来，至于一些细节问题，就需要自己去深入的了解一下。文中有什么不足的地方，欢迎各位纠正！！！