C/C++常用数据类型梳理

常用数据类型

数据类型	占用字节数	取值范围
short	2	-32,768 ~~ 32,767 -215~~215-1
int	4	-2,147,483,648 ~~ 2,147,483,647 -231~231-1
long	4	-2,147,483,648 ~~ 2,147,483,647 -231~231-1
long long	8	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 ~~ 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 -263 ~~ 263-1
float	4	1.17549e-038 ~~ 3.40282e+038
double	8	2.22507e-308 ~~ 1.79769e+308
bool	1	0 ~~ 1
char	1	-128 ~~ 127 -28 ~~ 28-1

代码实现

附一段C++代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<limits>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    cout<<" ==================================================================="<<endl;
    cout<<"| 数据类型 |占用字节数|       最小取值       |       最大取值       |"<<endl;
    cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    cout<<"|short     |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(short)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<short>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<short>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    cout<<"|int       |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(int)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<int>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<int>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    cout<<"|long      |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(long)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<long>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<long>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    cout<<"|long long |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(long long)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<long long>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<long long>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    cout<<"|float     |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(float)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<float>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<float>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    cout<<"|double    |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(double)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<double>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<double>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
	cout<<"|bool      |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(bool)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<bool>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(numeric_limits<bool>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
	cout<<"|char      |"<<left<<setw(10)<<sizeof(char)<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(int)(numeric_limits<char>::min)()<<"|"<<
		setw(22)<<(int)(numeric_limits<char>::max)()<<"|"<<endl;
	cout<<" -------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

根据上述代码，可自行测试其他的数据类型。

注

1.关于int类型与long类型的占用字节数、取值范围相同：
      之所以有“整型”和“长整形”两种不同类型，是C语言在诞生时发明者规定好的，前者存储的整数的值域小于后者。
      早期的操作系统是16位系统，int用二字节表示，范围是-32768 ~ 32767；long用4字节表示，范围是-2147483648 ~ 2147483647。
      后来发展到32位操作系统，int 用4字节表示，与long相同。
      目前的操作系统已发展到64位操作系统，但因程序编译工艺的不同，两者表现出不同的差别：
32位编译系统：int占四字节，与long相同。
64位编译系统：int占四字节，long占8字节，long数据范围变为：-2⁶³~2^63-1。

2.如何表示各种数据类型的最大值？
      利用limits.h库。表示最大值为TYPE_MAX，最小值为TYPE_MIN。(没有提供浮点数)
      如：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
int main(){
   printf("The number of bits in a byte %d\n", CHAR_BIT);
   printf("The minimum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n", SCHAR_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n", SCHAR_MAX);
   printf("The maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = %d\n", UCHAR_MAX);
   printf("The minimum value of SHORT INT = %d\n", SHRT_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of SHORT INT = %d\n", SHRT_MAX); 
   printf("The minimum value of INT = %d\n", INT_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of INT = %d\n", INT_MAX);
   printf("The minimum value of CHAR = %d\n", CHAR_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of CHAR = %d\n", CHAR_MAX);
   printf("The minimum value of LONG = %ld\n", LONG_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of LONG = %ld\n", LONG_MAX);  
   return(0);
}