类和对象-对象的初始化和清理-初始化列表

初始化列表

作用：C++提供了初始化列表语法，用来初始化属性
语法：构造函数( )：属性1(值1),属性2(值2)…{ }

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//初始化列表
class Person {
public:

	//传统初始化操作
	/*Person(int a, int b, int c) {
		m_A = a;
		m_B = b;
		m_C = c;
	}*/

	//初始化列表初始化属性
	Person(int a,int b,int c) :m_A(a), m_B(b), m_C(c) {

	}

	int m_A;
	int m_B;
	int m_C;
};

void test01() {
	//Person p(10, 20, 30);

	Person p(30, 20, 10);

	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << endl;
	cout << "m_B = " << p.m_B << endl;
	cout << "m_C = " << p.m_C << endl;
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

传统初始化操作

class Person {
public:

	//传统初始化操作
	Person(int a, int b, int c) {
		m_A = a;
		m_B = b;
		m_C = c;
	}

	int m_A;
	int m_B;
	int m_C;
};

void test01() {
	Person p(10, 20, 30);
	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << endl;
	cout << "m_B = " << p.m_B << endl;
	cout << "m_C = " << p.m_C << endl;
}

运行结果

使用初始化列表来初始化属性

class Person {
public:

	//初始化列表初始化属性
	Person() :m_A(10), m_B(20), m_C(30) {

	}

	int m_A;
	int m_B;
	int m_C;
};

void test01() {

	Person p;

	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << endl;
	cout << "m_B = " << p.m_B << endl;
	cout << "m_C = " << p.m_C << endl;
}

运行结果

但此时变量无法再改变，很不好，所以代码需要一些小的改变
我们传入一些参数，用传入的参数来调整变量的值

class Person {
public:

	//初始化列表初始化属性
	Person(int a,int b,int c) :m_A(a), m_B(b), m_C(c) {

	}

	int m_A;
	int m_B;
	int m_C;
};

void test01() {

	Person p(30, 20, 10);

	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << endl;
	cout << "m_B = " << p.m_B << endl;
	cout << "m_C = " << p.m_C << endl;
}

运行结果