FFMPEG 编码YUYV 数据

 

  看了雷神的博客《最简单的基于FFMPEG的视频编码器(YUV编码为H.264)》,它介绍的是使用FFMPEG将YUV420 数据编码成H.264数据。在它的博客中,没有介绍到YUYV数据格式的编码,但是我们在实际应用中,有时候摄像头只能输出YUYV数据格式,这样他的工程就不能使用了。经过一通折腾,终于在他的基础上实现了使用FFMPEG将YUYV编码成H264数据。

    因为YUYV数据是属于YUV422格式,而FFMPEG的编码器又不支持AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422 编码格式。因此我们需要做的是将YUYV数据格式转换为YUV422P数据格式,然后再进行编码。因为YUYV转YUV422P比较简单,因此我这里没有调用FFMPEG的转换器而是直接转换了。这里需要注意一下,我使用的FFMPEG版本是ffmpeg-3.2.4 ,因为版本的更新,有些接口可能改变了,也正是因为这样,在调试的时候出现了不少的问题。代码如下:

/*=============================================================================  
#     FileName: ffmpeg_encoder.c  
#         Desc: an example of ffmpeg fileter 
#       Author: licaibiao  
#   LastChange: 2017-03-18   
=============================================================================*/

#include <stdio.h>
#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS

#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>

//#define ENCODE_YUV

#ifdef ENCODE_YUV
#define INPUT_FILE      "yuv_512_288.yuv"
#define INPUT_WIDTH     512
#define INPUT_HEIGHT    288
#else
#define INPUT_FILE      "yuyv_640_480.yuyv"
#define INPUT_WIDTH     640
#define INPUT_HEIGHT    480
#endif

#define OUTPUT_FILE     "ds.h264"
#define FRAMENUM        300


int flush_encoder(AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx,unsigned int stream_index){
	int ret;
	int got_frame;
	AVPacket enc_pkt;
	if (!(fmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->codec->capabilities &
		CODEC_CAP_DELAY))
		return 0;
	while (1) {
		enc_pkt.data = NULL;
		enc_pkt.size = 0;
		av_init_packet(&enc_pkt);
		ret = avcodec_encode_video2 (fmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec, &enc_pkt,
			NULL, &got_frame);
		av_frame_free(NULL);
		if (ret < 0)
			break;
		if (!got_frame){
			ret=0;
			break;
		}
		printf("Flush Encoder: Succeed to encode 1 frame!\tsize:%5d\n",enc_pkt.size);
		/* mux encoded frame */
		ret = av_write_frame(fmt_ctx, &enc_pkt);
		if (ret < 0)
			break;
	}
	return ret;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	AVFormatContext* pFormatCtx;
	AVOutputFormat* fmt;
	AVStream* video_st;
	AVCodecContext* pCodecCtx;
	AVCodec* pCodec;
	AVPacket pkt;
	uint8_t* picture_buf;
	AVFrame* pFrame;
	int picture_size;
	int y_size;
	int framecnt=0;
	FILE *in_file ;   //Input raw YUV data
	int in_w=INPUT_WIDTH, in_h=INPUT_HEIGHT;   //Input data's width and height
	int framenum=FRAMENUM;                     //Frames to encode
	const char* out_file = OUTPUT_FILE;

	int i,j,k;
	int num;
	int index_y, index_u, index_v; 
	uint8_t *y_, *u_, *v_, *in;

    int got_picture =0;
    int ret;


	in_file =  fopen(INPUT_FILE, "rb");   //Input raw YUV data
	av_register_all();
	//Method1.
	pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
	//Guess Format
	fmt = av_guess_format(NULL, out_file, NULL);
	pFormatCtx->oformat = fmt;
	
	//Method 2.
	/* 初始化输出码流的AVFormatContext */
	//avformat_alloc_output_context2(&pFormatCtx, NULL, NULL, out_file);
	//fmt = pFormatCtx->oformat;
	//Open output URL
	if (avio_open(&pFormatCtx->pb,out_file, AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE) < 0){
		printf("Failed to open output file! \n");
		return -1;
	}

    /* 创建输出码流的AVStream */
	video_st = avformat_new_stream(pFormatCtx, 0);
	//video_st->time_base.num = 1; 
	//video_st->time_base.den = 25;  

	if (video_st==NULL){
		return -1;
	}
	//Param that must set
	pCodecCtx = video_st->codec;
	//pCodecCtx->codec_id =AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC;
	pCodecCtx->codec_id = fmt->video_codec;
	pCodecCtx->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
#ifdef ENCODE_YUV
	pCodecCtx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
#else
	pCodecCtx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P;
#endif
	pCodecCtx->width = in_w;  
	pCodecCtx->height = in_h;
	pCodecCtx->bit_rate = 2000000;  
	pCodecCtx->gop_size=10;

	pCodecCtx->time_base.num = 1;  
	pCodecCtx->time_base.den = 25;  

	//H264
	//pCodecCtx->me_range = 16;
	//pCodecCtx->max_qdiff = 4;
	//pCodecCtx->qcompress = 0.6;
	pCodecCtx->qmin = 10;
	pCodecCtx->qmax = 51;

	//Optional Param
	pCodecCtx->max_b_frames=3;

	// Set Option
	AVDictionary *param = 0;
	//H.264
	if(pCodecCtx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) {
		av_dict_set(¶m, "preset", "slow", 0);
        /* 这个可以让libav不缓存视频帧 */
		av_dict_set(¶m, "tune", "zerolatency", 0);
		//av_dict_set(¶m, "profile", "main", 0);
	}
    
	//Show some Information
	av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, out_file, 1);

    /* 查找编码器 */
	pCodec = avcodec_find_encoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
	if (!pCodec){
		printf("Can not find encoder! \n");
		return -1;
	}

    /* 打开编码器 */
	if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec,¶m) < 0){
		printf("Failed to open encoder! \n");
		return -1;
	}

	pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
	picture_size = avpicture_get_size(pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
	picture_buf = (uint8_t *)av_malloc(picture_size);
    
#ifdef ENCODE_YUV
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrame, picture_buf, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
#else
    pFrame->format = pCodecCtx->pix_fmt; 
    pFrame->width  = pCodecCtx->width;    
    pFrame->height = pCodecCtx->height;  
    av_image_alloc(pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, 32); 
#endif

	//Write File Header
	/* 写文件头(对于某些没有文件头的封装格式,不需要此函数。比如说MPEG2TS) */
	avformat_write_header(pFormatCtx,NULL);

    /* Allocate the payload of a packet and initialize its fields with default values.  */
	av_new_packet(&pkt,picture_size);

	y_size = pCodecCtx->width * pCodecCtx->height;
	for (j=0; j< framenum; j++){
		//Read raw YUV data
#ifdef ENCODE_YUV
		if (fread(picture_buf, 1, y_size*3/2, in_file) <= 0){
#else
	 	if (fread(picture_buf, 1, y_size*2, in_file) <= 0){
#endif
			printf("Failed to read raw data! \n");
			return -1;
		}else if(feof(in_file)){
			break;
		}
		
#ifdef ENCODE_YUV
		pFrame->data[0] = picture_buf;          // Y
		pFrame->data[1] = picture_buf + y_size;      // U 
		pFrame->data[2] = picture_buf + y_size*5/4;  // V
#else
        num = y_size * 2 - 4;
		index_y = 0;
		index_u = 0;
		index_v = 0; 
    	y_ = pFrame->data[0];     
    	u_ = pFrame->data[1];     
    	v_ = pFrame->data[2]; 
		in = picture_buf;
         
		for(i=0; i<num; i=i+4)
		{
			*(y_ + (index_y++)) = *(in + i);  
			*(u_ + (index_u++)) = *(in + i + 1); 
			*(y_ + (index_y++)) = *(in + i + 2); 
			*(v_ + (index_v++)) = *(in + i + 3); 
		}
#endif	
		//PTS
		//pFrame->pts=i;
		pFrame->pts=j*(video_st->time_base.den)/((video_st->time_base.num)*25);

		//Encode
		/* 编码一帧视频。即将AVFrame(存储YUV像素数据)编码为AVPacket(存储H.264等格式的码流数据) */
		int ret = avcodec_encode_video2(pCodecCtx, &pkt,pFrame, &got_picture);
		if(ret < 0){
			printf("Failed to encode! \n");
			return -1;
		}
		if (got_picture==1){
			//printf("Succeed to encode frame: %5d\tsize:%5d\n",framecnt,pkt.size);
			framecnt++;
			pkt.stream_index = video_st->index;
            
            /* 将编码后的视频码流写入文件 */
			ret = av_write_frame(pFormatCtx, &pkt);

            av_free_packet(&pkt);
		}
	}
	//Flush Encoder
	/* 输入的像素数据读取完成后调用此函数。用于输出编码器中剩余的AVPacket */
	ret = flush_encoder(pFormatCtx,0);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printf("Flushing encoder failed\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//Write file trailer
	/* 写文件尾(对于某些没有文件头的封装格式,不需要此函数。比如说MPEG2TS) */
	av_write_trailer(pFormatCtx);

	//Clean
	if (video_st){
		avcodec_close(video_st->codec);
		av_free(pFrame);
		av_free(picture_buf);
	}
	avio_close(pFormatCtx->pb);
	avformat_free_context(pFormatCtx);

	fclose(in_file);

	return 0;
}

    Makefile文件书写如下:

OUT_APP		 = test
INCLUDE_PATH = /usr/local/include/
INCLUDE = -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavutil/ -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavdevice/ \
			-I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavcodec/ -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libswresample \
			-I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavfilter/ -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavformat \
			-I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libswscale/

FFMPEG_LIBS = -lavformat -lavutil -lavdevice -lavcodec -lswresample -lavfilter -lswscale
SDL_LIBS	= 
LIBS		= $(FFMPEG_LIBS)$(SDL_LIBS)

COMPILE_OPTS = $(INCLUDE)
C 			 = c
OBJ 		 = o
C_COMPILER   = cc
C_FLAGS 	 = $(COMPILE_OPTS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)

LINK 		 = cc -o 
LINK_OPTS    = -lz -lm  -lpthread
LINK_OBJ	 = test.o 

.$(C).$(OBJ):
	$(C_COMPILER) -c -g $(C_FLAGS) $<


$(OUT_APP): $(LINK_OBJ)
	$(LINK)$@  $(LINK_OBJ)  $(LIBS) $(LINK_OPTS)

clean:
	rm -rf *.$(OBJ) $(OUT_APP) core *.core *~  *.h264 yuyv.yuyv

    编译运行结果如下:

licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/encoder$ ls
Makefile  test  test.c  test.o  yuv_512_288.yuv  yuyv_640_480.yuyv
licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/encoder$ ./test 
Output #0, h264, to 'ds.h264':
    Stream #0:0: Unknown: none
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] using cpu capabilities: none!
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] profile High 4:2:2, level 3.0, 4:2:2 8-bit
[h264 @ 0xbde240] Using AVStream.codec.time_base as a timebase hint to the muxer is deprecated. Set AVStream.time_base instead.
[h264 @ 0xbde240] Using AVStream.codec to pass codec parameters to muxers is deprecated, use AVStream.codecpar instead.
Flush Encoder: Succeed to encode 1 frame!       size: 3131
Flush Encoder: Succeed to encode 1 frame!       size: 5618
Flush Encoder: Succeed to encode 1 frame!       size:16635
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] frame I:30    Avg QP:18.56  size: 31571
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] frame P:61    Avg QP:19.89  size: 15100
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] frame B:209   Avg QP:21.10  size:  5299
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] consecutive B-frames:  0.7% 19.3%  0.0% 80.0%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] mb I  I16..4: 14.0% 40.4% 45.6%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] mb P  I16..4:  8.7% 15.4%  9.8%  P16..4: 36.2% 15.1%  5.2%  0.0%  0.0%    skip: 9.6%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] mb B  I16..4:  1.0%  4.0%  1.7%  B16..8: 27.6%  9.3%  1.6%  direct:10.3%  skip:44.5%  L0:41.6% L1:42.2% BI:16.2%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] final ratefactor: 17.64
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] 8x8 transform intra:46.1% inter:53.3%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] direct mvs  spatial:99.5% temporal:0.5%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 74.5% 88.9% 70.6% inter: 14.6% 34.0% 5.8%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] i16 v,h,dc,p: 48%  9%  2% 42%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 12% 13%  6% 11% 11% 13% 10% 12% 11%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 12% 21%  6%  9% 14% 13% 10%  9%  7%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] i8c dc,h,v,p: 41% 24% 22% 13%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] Weighted P-Frames: Y:41.0% UV:19.7%
[libx264 @ 0xbe7140] kb/s:1983.80
licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/encoder$ ll
total 413032
drwxrwxr-x  2 licaibiao licaibiao      4096 Mar 18 04:24 ./
drwxrwxr-x 10 licaibiao licaibiao      4096 Mar 17 03:46 ../
-rw-rw-r--  1 licaibiao licaibiao   2975705 Mar 18 04:24 ds.h264
-rwxrwxr-x  1 licaibiao licaibiao       800 Mar 18 01:40 Makefile*
-rwxrwxr-x  1 licaibiao licaibiao     61800 Mar 18 04:01 test*
-rw-rw-r--  1 licaibiao licaibiao      7131 Mar 18 04:22 test.c
-rw-rw-r--  1 licaibiao licaibiao     95184 Mar 18 04:01 test.o
-rw-r--r--  1 licaibiao licaibiao 112582656 Mar 16 18:35 yuv_512_288.yuv
-rw-r--r--  1 licaibiao licaibiao 307200000 Mar 17 04:25 yuyv_640_480.yuyv
licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/encoder$ 

    生成了ds.h264文件,使用VLC播放器播放:

     
    这里需要特别注意:在雷神的例子中,他是这样初始化frame的: 
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrame, picture_buf, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
    按照他的例子设置,编码YUV420P数据是没有问题,但是当编码YUV422P的时候,它就会出现花屏的问题,下面的这张图。
    出现这样的原因是,在它的工程中没有设置帧的帧类型,默认它是按YUV420P分配空间的。因为YUYV会比YUV420P多出1/4的数据,所以会造成有1/4的数据是异常的。我将他的例子该部分修改如下:
    pFrame->format = pCodecCtx->pix_fmt; 
    pFrame->width  = pCodecCtx->width;    
    pFrame->height = pCodecCtx->height;  
    av_image_alloc(pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, 32); 
    在我的例子中,有下面的代码,它的作用就是讲YUYV数据格式转换成YUV422P格式然后在填充到编码器中去,具体的装换算法在以前的博客中已经有介绍。
        
		for(i=0; i<num; i=i+4)
		{
			*(y_ + (index_y++)) = *(in + i);  
			*(u_ + (index_u++)) = *(in + i + 1); 
			*(y_ + (index_y++)) = *(in + i + 2); 
			*(v_ + (index_v++)) = *(in + i + 3); 
		}

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