Matlab串口通信

matlab 2019对串口部分操作函数进行了升级，提升了性能和可靠性

主要替代关系如下

The serial function, its object functions, and its properties are not recommended. Use serialport instead.

serial Interface	serialport Interface	Example
seriallist	serialportlist	Discover Serial Port Devices
serial	serialport	Connect to Serial Port Device
fwrite and fread	write and read	Read and Write
fprintf	writeline	Send a Command
fscanf, fgetl, and fgets	readline	Read a Terminated String
flushinput and flushoutput	flush	Flush Data from Memory
Terminator	configureTerminator	Set Terminator
BytesAvailableFcnCount, BytesAvailableFcnMode,BytesAvailableFcn, and BytesAvailable	configureCallback	Set Up a Callback Function
PinStatus	getpinstatus	Read Serial Pin Status
DataTerminalReady and RequestToSend	setDTR and setRTS	Set Serial DTR and RTS Pin States

 

 

搜索串口

2019之前

显示串行端口的列表
seriallist 函数显示系统上所有串行端口的列表。

显示可用的串行端口。

seriallist
ans = 

  1×2 string array

  "COM1"    "COM3"
现在，您可以创建 serial 对象，并通过串行端口通信。

2019之后推荐的方法

serialportlist

serialportlist("all")

serialportlist("available")

举例

识别电脑上的串口

ports = serialportlist
ports = 

  1×4 string array

    "COM1"    "COM3"    "COM11"    "COM12"
识别目前可用的串口

freeports = serailportlist("available")
freeports = 

  1×2 string array

    "COM1"    "COM12"

 

 

使用串口

 

2019之前

s = serial("COM1");
s.BaudRate = 115200;
fopen(s)

2019之后推荐的方法

s = serialport("COM1",115200);

读写串口

2019之前

% s is a serial object
fwrite(s,1:5,"uint32")
data = fread(s,5,"uint32")

% s is a serial object
command = "start";
fwrite(s,command,"char")

% s is a serial object
length = 5;
resp = fread(s,length,"char")

2019之后推荐的方法

% s is a serialport object
write(s,1:5,"uint32")
data = read(s,5,"uint32")

% s is a serialport object
command = "start";
write(s,command,"char")

% s is a serialport object
command = "start";
write(s,command,"string")

% s is a serialport object
length = 5;
resp = read(s,length,"string")

 

发送SCPI命令

之前

% s is a serial object
s.Terminator = "CR/LF"
channel = 1;
level = 3.44;
fprintf(s,"TRIGGER%d:LEVEL2 %1.2f",[channel,level]);

现在推荐的方法

% s is a serialport object
configureTerminator(s,"CR/LF")
channel = 1;
level = 3.44;
cmd = sprintf("TRIGGER%d:LEVEL2 %1.2f",[channel,level]);
writeline(s,cmd)

 

接收SCPI

% s is a serial object
fprintf(s,"MEASUREMENT:IMMED:TYPE PK2PK")
a = fscanf(s,"%e",6)

% s is a serial object
fprintf(s,"*IDN?")
a = fgetl(s)

% s is a serial object
fprintf(s,"*IDN?")
a = fgets(s)

 

现在推荐的方法

% s is a serialport object
writeline(s,"MEASUREMENT:IMMED:TYPE PK2PK")
a = readline(s)

sscanf(a,"%e")

% s is a serialport object
writeline(s,"*IDN?")
a = readline(s)

 

设置结束符

之前

% s is a serial object
s.Terminator = "CR/LF";

% s is a serial object
s.Terminator = {"CR/LF" [10]};

现在推荐的方法

% s is a serialport object
configureTerminator(s,"CR/LF")

% s is a serialport object
configureTerminator(s,"CR/LF",10)

 

回调函数

之前

s = serial("COM5","BaudRate",115200)
s.BytesAvailableFcnCount = 5
s.BytesAvailableFcnMode = "byte"
s.BytesAvailableFcn = @instrcallback

fopen(s)

function instrcallback(src,evt)
   data = fread(src,src.BytesAvailable)
   disp(evt)
   disp(evt.Data)
end

现在推荐的方法

s = serialport("COM5",115200)
configureCallback(s,"byte",5,@instrcallback);

function instrcallback(src,evt)
   data = read(src,src.NumBytesAvailable,"uint8")
   disp(evt)
end

 

API

2019之前   https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/serial-port-devices.html?s_tid=CRUX_lftnav

2019  https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/serial-port-devices.html?lang=en

串口api变化  https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/matlab_external/transition-your-code-to-serialport-interface.html

 

Matlab工具箱介绍

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/index.html?s_tid=CRUX_lftnav

 

 

2019之前通过串口发送十六进制数据

try
controller1=serial('com9');
controller1.BaudRate=9600;
set(controller1,'Baudrate',9600,'DataBits',8,'Parity','none','StopBits',1);

fopen(controller1);

%method 1
Str = 'FF0101003F';     %string defines the hexadecimal content to be sent
D = sscanf(Str, '%2x'); %converts a string to hex data
fwrite(controller1, D, 'uint8') %Send this data to the defined serial port s

%method 2
sendbuff=zeros(1,6);
sendbuff(1)= hex2dec('FF');
sendbuff(2)= hex2dec('01');
sendbuff(3)= hex2dec('01');
sendbuff(4)= hex2dec('00');
 
fwrite(controller1, sendbuff, 'uint8');

fclose(controller1);
catch ME
    fprintf('%s\n',ME.message);
end

    num = ['FF';'01';'01';'00';'30';'CF'];  
    num = hex2dec(num );
fwrite(controller1, num, 'uint8');

test = [164 0 0 14 8 49  2 51 52 164];
[x,y] = size(test);
%test_hex = dec2hex(test);
fwrite(scom1, test, 'uint8');

val = [170 180 val 85]; 
fwrite(scom, val, 'uint8', 'async'); %数据写入串口 PC机上位机发送 这是当年做智能车时的Matlab_GUI 串口上位机 自己help fwrite看下就好 我也忘了这什么意思了 这是当时一段的代码 单片机接收的就是16进制数 数值为val 中的4个数 
PC机接收单片机传来数据：
n_bytes = get(obj,'BytesAvailable');     %% 数据总数量
   if n_bytes      %% 有效读取 防止Matlab延迟进入或误进入
   Data = fread(obj, n_bytes, 'uchar')';     %% 读走数据并存入Data中 直接为十进制数值形式
 

     num = ['FF';'01';'01';'00';'30';'CF'];  
    num = hex2dec(num );
    fprintf(sr3,num );

原理就是把16进制转化为10进制，再以十进制发送，串口以十六进制接收的时候就是接受的原始数据， 

 

最近在做串口通信的实验，串口连接都已经完成，我的仪器需要发送一个16位进制数才能返回一个数据，我需要发送的16进制数为‘4053 0000 0d0a’，我用fwrite来发送，用fread来读取，未能成功，请教罗老师该怎么修改？！书中的串口实例我也用过，不成功，但是我用VC版的串口小精灵能调通，希望罗老师能帮我指引一下，非常感谢！

fwrite(scom,val,'uint8','async');    %其中val就是我要发送的命令

已经自己解决了，原来fwrite可以输入数字矩阵，只要把‘4053 0000 0d0a’以一个字节为单位转换为十进制的数字矩阵就可以了，转换后为[64 83 00 00 13 10]就可以了，之前一直以为是把16进制统一转换成10进制。

fwrite(scom,[64 83 00 00 13 10],'unit8','async')

out=fread(s,10,'uint8');   %一次读出10个字符  
fprintf('%3c',out);        %一个字符占三位输出,%c字符，%d整型