算法公式(一)

关于级数的一些练习题
1.求下列各级数的和:
(1). $\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{1}{4^i}$

(2). $\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{i}{4^i}$

(3). $\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{i^2}{4^i}$

解:
(1)

$$令S=\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{1}{4^i} =1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+ ...$$
$$则4S=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+ ...$$
$$从而 3S = 4$$
$$S=\frac{4}{3}$$
$$即\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{1}{4^i} = \frac{4}{3}$$

(2)

$$令S=\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{i}{4^i} =\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+ ...$$
$$则4S=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+ ...$$
$$从而 3S = 1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+ ...=\frac{1}{1-1/4}=\frac{4}{3}$$
$$S=\frac{4}{9}$$
$$即\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{i}{4^i} = \frac{4}{9}$$

(3)

$$令S=\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{i^2}{4^i} =\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2^2}{4^2}+\frac{3^2}{4^3}+\frac{4^2}{4^4}+ ...$$
$$则4S=1+\frac{2^2}{4}+\frac{3^2}{4^2}+\frac{4^2}{4^3}+ ...$$
$$从而 3S = 1+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{5}{4^2}+\frac{7}{4^3}+ ...$$
$$则12S = 4+3+\frac{5}{4}+\frac{7}{4^2}+ ...$$
$$从而 9S = 6+2(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+ ...) = 6 + 2(\frac{1}{1-1/4})$$
$$S = \frac{26}{27}$$
$$即\sum_{i=0}^∞\frac{i^2}{4^i} = \frac{26}{27}$$

如有不对, 欢迎指正, 谢谢