C++学习-从没入门到入门（四）

程序流程结构1

1.顺序结构

1.选择结构
（1）if语句
if语句的三种形式：单行、多行、多条件
单行：if（条件）{条件满足执行的语句}

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	//选择结构 单行
	//输入数字比较是否满足条件

	int flower = 0;
	
	cout << "鲜花的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower;

	cout << "现有鲜花的数量为：" << flower << endl;

	if (flower > 8) {
		cout << "一束鲜花" << endl;
	}
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

多行：
if（条件）{条件满足执行的语句}else{条件不满足时执行的语句}

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int flower = 0;
	cout << "鲜花的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower;
	cout << "现有鲜花的数量为：" << flower << endl;
	if (flower > 8) {
		cout << "一束鲜花" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "几朵鲜花" << endl;
	}	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

多条件语句：
if（条件1）{条件1满足执行的语句}else if（条件2）{条件2满足执行的语句}…else{都不满足执行的语句}

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {

	int flower = 0;
	cout << "鲜花的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower;
	cout << "现有鲜花的数量为：" << flower << endl;
	if (flower > 50) {
		cout << "一捧鲜花" << endl;
	}
	else if(flower >8 ){
		cout << "一束鲜花" << endl;
	}
	else if(flower > 0){
		cout << "几朵鲜花" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "没有花" << endl;
	}

	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

（2）嵌套if语句

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int flower = 0;
	
	cout << "鲜花的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower;
	cout << "现有鲜花的数量为：" << flower << endl;
	if (flower > 50) {
		cout << "有很多花花" << endl;
		if (flower > 10000) {
			cout << "花园" << endl;
		}
		else {
		cout << "一捧鲜花" << endl;
		}
	}
	else if(flower >8 ){
		cout << "一束鲜花" << endl;
	}
	else if(flower > 0){
		cout << "几朵鲜花" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "没有花" << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

举例：三个数字比较

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {


	int flower1 = 0;
	int flower2 = 0;
	int flower3 = 0;
	
	cout << "鲜花1的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower1;
	cout << "鲜花2的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower2;
	cout << "鲜花3的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower3;
	cout << "现有鲜花1的数量为：" << flower1 << endl;
	cout << "现有鲜花2的数量为：" << flower2 << endl;
	cout << "现有鲜花3的数量为：" << flower3 << endl;
	
	if (flower1 > flower2) {
		if (flower1 > flower3) {
			cout << "鲜花1最多" << endl;
		}else {
			cout << "鲜花3最多" << endl;
		}
	}
	else if(flower2 > flower1) {
		if (flower2 > flower3) {
			cout << "鲜花2最多" << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << "鲜花3最多" << endl;
		}
	}
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

（3）三目运算符
表达式1 ？表达式2：表达式3

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {


	int flower1 = 0;
	int flower2 = 0;
	int flower3 = 0;
	
	cout << "鲜花1的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower1;
	cout << "鲜花2的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower2;
	cout << "鲜花3的数量：" << endl;
	cin >> flower3;
	cout << "现有鲜花1的数量为：" << flower1 << endl;
	cout << "现有鲜花2的数量为：" << flower2 << endl;
	cout << "现有鲜花3的数量为：" << flower3 << endl;
	
	int flower = (flower1 > flower2 ? flower1 : flower2);
	cout << "现有鲜花的数量为：" << flower << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

（4）switch语句
作用：执行多条分支语句
switch比if执行效率高，优先选择。
表达式类型只能是整形或者字符型
case中没有break会一直向下运行
switch不能判断区间

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	//switch语句
	//鲜花的种类
	//1.玫瑰花、2.牡丹花、3.君子兰、4.满天星

	cout << "请输入鲜花种类数目" << endl;

	int num = 0;
	cin >> num;
	cout << "鲜花的种类为： " << num << endl;
	switch (num) 
	{
	case 1:
		cout << "玫瑰花" << endl;
		break;
	case 2:
		cout << "牡丹花" << endl;
		break;
	case 3:
		cout << "君子兰" << endl;
		break;
	case 4:
		cout << "满天星" << endl; 
		break;
	default:
		cout << "没有此种类的花" << endl;
		break;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

下一节：数据流程结构2