树莓派 配置 cobbler

安装

本来Google的方案需要从源码安装，但是尝试了下apt， 发现有现成的包，所以简单太多了 版本太老，有额外的问题要处理.

sudo apt install cobbler cobbler-web
# 安装过程中会让输密码
# 该包是2.6.6版本 有点老，现在来说有好几个bug
# cobbler-web 有bug， 不兼容新的
sudo pip install Django==1.8.9

# 结果输出
Setting up liblwp-protocol-https-perl (6.07-2) ...
Setting up debmirror (1:2.32) ...
Setting up cobbler (2.6.6+dfsg1-13) ...
Considering dependency proxy for proxy_http:
Enabling module proxy.
Enabling module proxy_http.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  systemctl restart apache2
Module wsgi already enabled
Enabling module rewrite.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  systemctl restart apache2
ERROR: Module python does not exist!
Enabling site cobbler.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  systemctl reload apache2
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobbler.service → /lib/systemd/system/cobbler.service.
# 在重启前需要配置cobbler

配置

# 配置文件 /etc/cobbler/settings

# 自动化部署系统的密码的哈希, 用下行命令生成
# openssl passwd -1
# $1$j9.kasLF$4v5dJWXMDUmxYTXO9qPiG.
# 密文第一项 1 指hash方式， 第二项 j9.kasLF 指的salt，这样子用以系统判断密码是否正确但是又不存储密码，密码和salt都相同时才能计算出唯一的密文
default_password_crypted: "$1$j9.kasLF$4v5dJWXMDUmxYTXO9qPiG."

# 设置cobbler的ip， 不要设置0.0.0.0，设置一个不隔离广播域的内网ip
server: 192.168.1.2
# 设置的tftp ip，用于下载镜像，通常与上一个一样
next_server: 192.168.1.2

# 是否开启DHCP，0不开启 1开启
# 为了启动 pxe， 需要开启dhcp分发地址 并引导系统 到tftp server下载网络启动文件
manage_dhcp: 1

# 配置DHCP /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
# 不要修改 next-server 项，该配置会自动从上面拉取变量
# 不要修改 #for dhcp_tag in $dhcp_tags.keys(): 这一行之后的内容
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.1.1;
     option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     filename                   "/pxelinux.0";
     default-lease-time         2.8.0;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
}

cobbler 会将 镜像存储到 /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/下， 注意容量和权限

sudo systemctl enable cobbler
sudo systemctl start cobbler
# 检测 会提示一些操作， 根据需要去做
sudo cobbler check
sudo cobbler sync
# 会发现该指令报错 缺pxelinux.0等一批loaders

Raspberry 安装syslinux

scp CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso pi@x.x.x.x:/home/pi/
ssh pi@x.x.x.x
sudo mount -o loop ~/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /media/
sudo cp /media/BaseOS/Packages/syslinux-nonlinux-6.04-4.el8.noarch.rpm /tmp
sudo apt install rpm2cpio
sudo rpm2cpio /tmp/syslinux-nonlinux-6.04-4.el8.noarch.rpm | cpio -idmv
sudo cp /tmp/usr/share/syslinux/* /usr/lib/syslinux/
sudo umount /media

# 现在正常
sudo cobbler sync

导入镜像

# http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos 下载镜像， 下载minimal版方便测试
sudo mkdir /mnt/centos_mini
sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro ~/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini

# 出现这个问题
task started: 2020-07-12_041754_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jul 12 04:17:54 2020)
No signature matched in /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-x86_64
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
# 使用该指令之后再导入一次
sudo cobbler signature update
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8 --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt

# 出现这个问题
Exception occured: <type 'exceptions.KeyError'>
Exception value: 'default_kickstart'
Exception Info:
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
    rc = self._run(self)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 231, in runner
    self.logger
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 938, in import_tree
    return import_module.run(path,mirror_name,network_root,kickstart_file,arch,breed,os_version)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 132, in run
    self.signature = self.scan_signatures()
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 192, in scan_signatures
    self.kickstart_file = sigdata["breeds"][breed][version]["default_kickstart"]

# 找到 distro_signatures 文件， 替换 default_autoinstall 为 default_kickstart
sudo vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
:%s/default_autoinstall/default_kickstart/


sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
## 出现错误
creating new profile: cobbler-centos8-x86_64
Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
Exception value: 'kickstart not found: None'
Exception Info:
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
    rc = self._run(self)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 231, in runner
    self.logger
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 938, in import_tree
    return import_module.run(path,mirror_name,network_root,kickstart_file,arch,breed,os_version)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 140, in run
    os.path.walk(self.path, self.distro_adder, distros_added)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 239, in walk
    walk(name, func, arg)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 239, in walk
    walk(name, func, arg)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 231, in walk
    func(arg, top, names)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 255, in distro_adder
    adtls.append(self.add_entry(dirname,kernel,initrd))
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 349, in add_entry
    profile.set_kickstart(self.kickstart_file)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py", line 211, in set_kickstart
    raise CX(_("kickstart not found: %s") % kickstart)

!!! TASK FAILED !!!
# 尝试查询distro， 发现centos已经导入，但是没有profile
sudo cobbler distro list
# 返回
# cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
sudo cobbler profile list
# 没有返回任何profile，中间出现了错误 导入distro成功但配置profile失败

# 手动删除 distro
sudo cobbler distro remove --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
# 现在我们检查到底出什么错
sudo vim /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py
# 211行 如下图所示 修改，打印出到底是什么
# 重新导入 输出为
creating new profile: cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
Exception value: 'kickstart not found: sample.ks'
Exception Info:
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
    rc = self._run(self)
    .......
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py", line 212, in set_kickstart
    raise CX(_("kickstart not found: %s") % temp)
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
# 看来是sample.ks 未找到
# find_kickstart() 函数为
def find_kickstart(url):
    """
    Check if a kickstart url looks like an http, ftp, nfs or local path.
    If a local path is used, cobbler will copy the kickstart and serve
    it over http.

    Return None if the url format does not look valid.
    """
    if url is None:
        return None
    x = url.lstrip()
    for y in ["http://", "nfs://", "ftp://", "/"]:
       # make sure we get a lower-case protocol without
       # affecting the rest of the string
       x = re.sub(r"(?i)%s" % y, y, x, count=1)
       if x.startswith(y):
           if x.startswith("/") and not os.path.isfile(x):
               return None
           return x
    return None
# 明显输入为'sample.ks'时输出为None， 推测是未给url加绝对路径，文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
# /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py: 192 直接读取并没有添加，所以需要我们自己手动添加
sudo vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
:%s/sample.ks/\/var\/lib\/cobbler\/kickstarts\/sample.ks/


# 重新导入， 一次成功
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
# 输出
➜  test sudo cobbler distro list
   cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
➜  test sudo cobbler profile list
   cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64

➜  test sudo cobbler distro report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Name                           : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        :
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-mini-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-mini-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

➜  test sudo cobbler profile report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Name                           : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        :
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 :
Internal proxy                 :
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : virbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      :
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

修改centos用的kickstart文件

cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
sudo cp sample.ks centos8.ks
sudo cobbler profile edit --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.ks
# 验证
sudo cobbler profile report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64  | grep kickstart
# 同步
sudo cobbler sync

Centos8.ks

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#os=centos8

# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/ShangHai


# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled


# Use network installation
url --url=$tree


# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
# bootloader --location=mbr
# interface can be named as eth*
bootloader --location=mbr --append="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"

# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
# or
# # create 1MB biosboot type partition, centos7 and centos8 .
# part biosboot --fstype=biosboot --size=1
# # Disk partitioning information
# part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=300
# part pv.122 --fstype="lvmpv" --grow
# volgroup VolGroup00  --pesize=16384 pv.122
# logvol / --fstype="xfs" --size=10000 --name=LogVol00 --vgname=VolGroup00


# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot

%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
# if you need puppet to install pkgs, just uncomment it
# $SNIPPET('puppet_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('puppet_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps

---

[ 1 ]: http://cobbler.github.io
[ 2 ]: https://cobbler.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
[ 3 ]: https://bashtheshell.com/guide/setting-up-pxe-boot-server-on-raspberry-pi/