Reference in Perl

使用reference的目的

1. 创建@_，会拷贝整个array或hash，浪费内存空间

2.@_在子程序中是传入数据的拷贝，无法对修改传入的数据

与C语言对比的话，Perl的reference更像指针，或者C++的引用

 

the backslash(/) character is also the "take a reference to" operator.

反斜线符号还是引用操作符

 

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1.Reference to Array

对数组的引用

my @array = qw(a b c d e f g);

my $array_ref = /@array;

 

dereference to array 

解引用整体数组

@{$array_ref}

 

引用数组元素

$array[1]

${$array_ref}[1]

 

很多情况下，需要解引用的数组引用是一个标量值，如@{$array_ref}或${$array_ref}[1]

这种情况下，可以丢弃{}，即@$array_ref或$$array_ref[1]

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Reference to Hash

对哈希的引用

my %hash = (

a => 1,

b => 2,

c => 3,

d => 4,

);

my $hash_ref = /%hash;

 

my $elem0 = $hash{'a'};

my $elem0 = ${$hash_ref}{'a'};

my $elem0 = $$hash_ref{'a'};

 

my @keys = keys %{$hash_ref};

my @keys = keys %$hash_ref;

 

引用哈希表中的值

my $val = $hash_ref->{'a'};

 

 

Variable	Instantiating the scalar	Instantiating a reference to it	Referencing it	Dereferencing it	Accessing an element
$scalar	$scalar = "steve";	$ref = /"steve";	$ref = /$scalar	$$ref or ${$ref}	N/A
@list	@list = ("steve", "fred");	$ref = ["steve", "fred"];	$ref = /@list	@{$ref}	${$ref}[3] $ref->[3]
%hash	%hash = ("name" => "steve",    "job" => "Troubleshooter");	$hash = {"name" => "steve",    "job" => "Troubleshooter"};	$ref = /%hash	%{$ref}	${$ref}{"president"} $ref->{"president"}
FILE			$ref = /*FILE	{$ref} or scalar <$ref>

引用自http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/littperl/perlsub.htm