线程
进程和线程的区别?进程,创建进程的时候会拷贝一份父进程的代码段、数据段、堆栈等给子进程,如果想用多个进程的话,这样会浪费特别多的内存,而线程就是相当于寄生在一个进程里面的东西,它共享进程的所有资源,不会在拷贝进程的代码段、数据段、堆栈等,大大减少了内存的浪费,因为线程是寄生在进程上的,只要进程退出,线程也会全部退出。main函数是主线程,在创建第一个线程
在Linux里面并没有pthread,所以编译的话 -pthread pthread(第三方库)
pthread_create | pthread_self(返回线程的ID) | pthread_exit | pthread_join |
---|---|---|---|
pthread-create创建线程
int pthread_create(pthread_t* restrict tidp,const pthread_attr_t* restrict_attr,void* (start_rtn)(void),void *restrict arg);
brief:创建线程
param:pthread_t ,是一个unsigned long类型,restrict,这个线程的id,restrict_attr,线程属性,一般用NULL,第三个参数是一个函数指针指向要处理的函数,第四个参数,可以跟线程传参
return:返回0,创建成功
pthread_join等待线程
int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);
brief:调用了pthread_join函数,会称为阻塞状态,只有当调用的线程结束后,才退出
param:第一个参数,即要调用的线程id,第二个用于接收线程的返回码,也可以直接写NULL
return:0成功,非0失败
pthread_exit线程退出
void pthread_exit( void * value_ptr );
brief:线程的退出
param:value_ptr,即指向线程退出的返回码
return:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void * handler(void * arg)
{
static int ret = 1;
printf("tid:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
printf("t1_param:%d\n",*(int *)arg);
pthread_exit((void *)&ret);
}
void main()
{
pthread_t t1;//unsigned long
int panduan;
int param = 666;
int * ret;
panduan = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,handler,(void *)¶m);
if(panduan == 0)
{
printf("pthread creat succeed!\n");
}
printf("main_tid:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
pthread_join(t1,(void **)&ret);
printf("main:t1_ret:%d\n",*ret);
}
输出结果:
pthread creat succeed!
main_tid:140327588333376
tid:140327579809536
t1_param:666
main:t1_ret:1
如果有多个线程都有用互斥锁,他没有用条件变量,也是按照随机顺序执行
pthread_mutex_intt初始化互斥锁
pthread_mutex_t mutex;//创建一把互斥锁,pthread_mutex_t,是一个结构体
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
brief:初始化一把互斥锁,互斥锁的作用就是保护共享资源的完整性,加锁过后一次性只能一个线程访问
param:restrict mutex,要初始化的互斥锁,第二个参数,NULL
return:
pthread_mutex_lock/pthread_mutex_unlock加锁/解锁
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
brief:对需要操作的共享资源进行加锁或解锁,这样就可以只能一个线程访问共享资源
param:传入要加的锁的地址
return:成功返回0
pthread_mutex_destroy销毁锁
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
brief“:销毁锁
param:传入需要销毁锁的地址
return:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
pthread_mutex_t mutex;//struct
int a = 0;
void * handler1(void * arg)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while(1)
{
printf("t1:%d\n",a++);
sleep(1);
if(a == 5)
{ printf("---------t1_quit---------\n");
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
}
}
void *handler2(void *arg)
{
while(1)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
printf("t2:%d\n",a++);
sleep(1);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
}
void main()
{
pthread_t t1;//unsigned long
pthread_t t2;
int panduan;
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
panduan = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,handler1,NULL);
if(panduan == 0)
{
printf("t1 pthread creat succeed!\n");
}
panduan = pthread_create(&t2,NULL,handler2,NULL);
if(panduan == 0)
{
printf("t2 pthread creat succeed!\n");
}
printf("main_tid:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
pthread_join(t1,NULL);
pthread_join(t2,NULL);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex); //销毁锁
}