Linux用信号量实现共享内存全双工

用信号量来管理临界资源(一次性只能一个进程访问的资源)，由于共享内存没有阻塞，多个进程同时打开读和写会发生错误，我们可以用信号量来实现管理

实现过程:先让write写，在让read读，再让read写，最后再让write读

write.c

#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
union semun{
               int              val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
               struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
               unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
               struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
                                           (Linux-specific) */
           };



void pC(int semid,int num)
{
        struct sembuf p;
        p.sem_num = num;//第几个灯
        p.sem_op = -1;
        p.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
        semop(semid,&p,1);
}

void vC(int semid,int num)
{
        struct sembuf v;
        v.sem_num = num;//第几个灯
        v.sem_op = 1;
        v.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
        semop(semid,&v,1);

}

void main()
{

        int shmid;
        int semid;
        int key1;
        int key2;
        char *tmp = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*1025);

        key1 = ftok(".",1);
        key2 = ftok(".",2);

        shmid = shmget(key1,1024,IPC_CREAT|0600);//创建共享内存
        semid = semget(key2,2,IPC_CREAT|0600);//创建两个灯

        union semun set1;
        set1.val = 1;//第一个灯锁还在
        semctl(semid,0,SETVAL,set1);//初始化第一个灯

        union semun set2;
        set1.val = 0;//第二个灯锁不在
        semctl(semid,1,SETVAL,set2);//初始化第二个灯

        pC(semid,0);//获取第一个灯

        tmp = (char *)shmat(shmid,0,0);
        strcpy(tmp,"li jian hua");
        printf("write succeed!\n");
        shmdt(tmp);

        vC(semid,1);//释放第二个灯
        pC(semid,0);//等待第一个灯

        tmp = (char *)shmat(shmid,0,0);
        printf("read:%s\n",tmp);
        shmdt(tmp);

        vC(semid,1);//释放第二个灯



        shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
        semctl(semid,0,IPC_RMID);

        printf("end...\n");

}

read.c

#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
union semun{
               int              val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
               struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
               unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
               struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
                                           (Linux-specific) */
           };



void pC(int semid,int num)
{
        struct sembuf p;
        p.sem_num = num;//第几个灯
        p.sem_op = -1;
        p.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
        semop(semid,&p,1);
}

void vC(int semid,int num)
{
        struct sembuf v;
        v.sem_num = num;//第几个灯
        v.sem_op = 1;
        v.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
        semop(semid,&v,1);

}

void main()
{

        int shmid;
        int semid;
        int key1;
        int key2;
        char *tmp = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*1025);

        key1 = ftok(".",1);
        key2 = ftok(".",2);

        shmid = shmget(key1,1024,IPC_CREAT|0600);//创建共享内存
        semid = semget(key2,2,IPC_CREAT|0600);//创建两个灯

        union semun set1;
        set1.val = 1;//第一个灯锁还在
        semctl(semid,0,SETVAL,set1);//初始化第一个灯

        union semun set2;
        set1.val = 0;//第二个灯锁不在
        semctl(semid,1,SETVAL,set2);//初始化第二个灯

        pC(semid,1);//获取第二个灯

        tmp = (char *)shmat(shmid,0,0);
        printf("read:%s\n",tmp);
        shmdt(tmp);



        tmp = (char *)shmat(shmid,0,0);
        printf("write succeed!\n");
        shmdt(tmp);

        pC(semid,0);//释放第一灯

        pC(semid,1);//获取第二个灯

        shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
        semctl(semid,1,IPC_RMID);

        printf("end...\n");

}