np.linalg.inv()：

• （1）np.linalg.inv()：矩阵求逆
• （2）np.linalg.det()：矩阵求行列式（标量）

np.linalg.norm

顾名思义， linalg=linear+algebra ， norm 则表示范数，首先需要注意的是范数是对向量（或者矩阵）的度量，是一个标量（scalar）：

首先help(np.linalg.norm)查看其文档：

<code class="hljs mathematica has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">norm(x, ord=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">None</span>, axis=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">None</span>, keepdims=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

这里我们只对常用设置进行说明， x 表示要度量的向量， ord 表示范数的种类，

参数	说明	计算方法
默认	二范数： ℓ2	x21+x22+…+x2n−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√
ord=2	二范数： ℓ2	同上
ord=1	一范数： ℓ1	|x1|+|x2|+…+|xn|
ord=np.inf	无穷范数： ℓ∞	max(|xi|)

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">x</span> = np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.array</span>([<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>])
>>> np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.linalg</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.norm</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">x</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5.</span>
>>> np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.linalg</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.norm</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">x</span>, ord=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5.</span>
>>> np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.linalg</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.norm</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">x</span>, ord=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7.</span>
>>> np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.linalg</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.norm</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">x</span>, ord=np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.inf</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>