这一章中我们来看Wifi Display连接过程的建立,包含P2P的部分和RTSP的部分,首先来大致看一下Wifi Display规范相关的东西。
HIDC: Human Interface Device Class (遵循HID标准的设备类)
UIBC: User Input Back Channel (UIBC分为两种,一种是Generic,包含鼠标、键盘等;另一种是HIDC,HID是一个规范,只有遵循HID的标准,都可以叫做HID设备,包含USB鼠标、键盘、蓝牙、红外等)
PES: Packetized Elementary Stream (数字电视基本码流)
HDCP: High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (加密方式,用于加密传输的MPEG2-TS流)
MPEG2-TS: Moving Picture Experts Group 2 Transport Stream (Wifi display之间传输的是MPEG2-TS流)
RTSP: Real-Time Streaming Protocol (Wifi display通过RTSP协议来交互两边的能力)
RTP: Real-time Transport Protocol (Wifi display通过RTP来传输MPEG2-TS流)
Wi-Fi P2P: Wi-Fi Direct
TDLS: Tunneled Direct Link Setup (另一种方式建立两台设备之间的直连,与P2P类似,但要借助一台AP)
另一种比较重要的概念是在Wifi Display中分为Source和Sink两种角色,如下图。Source是用于encode并输出TS流;Sink用于decode并显示TS流。相当于Server/Client架构中,Source就是Server,用于提供服务;Sink就是Client。当然,我们这篇文章主要介绍在Android上Wifi display Source的流程。
从上面的架构图我们可以看到,Wifi display是建立在TCP/UDP上面的应用层协议,L2链路层是通过P2P和TDLS两种方式建立,TDLS是optional的。在L2层建立连接后,Source就会在一个特定的port上listen,等待client的TCP连接。当与Client建立了TCP连接后,就会有M1~M7七个消息的交互,用户获取对方设备的能力,包括视频编码能力、Audio输出能力、是否支持HDCP加密等等。在获取这些能力之后,Source就会选择一种视频编码格式以及Audio格式用于这次会话当中。当一个RTSP会话建立后,双方就会决定出用于传输TS流的RTP port,RTP协议是基于UDP的。当这些都准备好后,Sink设备就会发送M7消息,也就是Play给Source,双方就可以开始传输数据了。
关于M1~M7是什么,我们后面再来介绍。首先我们来介绍在Android WifiDisplay中如何建立P2P的连接。
WifiDisplay之P2P的建立
private void pairWifiDisplay(WifiDisplay display) {
if (display.canConnect()) {
mDisplayManager.connectWifiDisplay(display.getDeviceAddress());
}
}
WifiDisplaySettings通过AIDL调用到DisplayManagerService的connectWifiDisplay方法,关于AIDL的调用过程这里不讲了,直接到DisplayManagerService的connectWifiDisplay方法来看:
public void connectWifiDisplay(String address) {
if (address == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("address must not be null");
}
mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.CONFIGURE_WIFI_DISPLAY,
"Permission required to connect to a wifi display");
final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
synchronized (mSyncRoot) {
if (mWifiDisplayAdapter != null) {
mWifiDisplayAdapter.requestConnectLocked(address);
}
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
}
}
首先做参数的检查,即MAC地址不能为空,然后做权限检查,调用这个方法的application必须要在manifest中声明有CONFIGURE_WIFI_DISPLAY权限,最后直接调用WifiDisplayAdapter的requestConnectLocked方法:
public void requestConnectLocked(final String address) {
if (DEBUG) {
Slog.d(TAG, "requestConnectLocked: address=" + address);
}
getHandler().post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mDisplayController != null) {
mDisplayController.requestConnect(address);
}
}
});
}
这里比较简单,直接调用WifiDisplayController的requestConnect方法。前面都是直接的调用,最终做事情的还是WifiDisplayController。
public void requestConnect(String address) {
for (WifiP2pDevice device : mAvailableWifiDisplayPeers) {
if (device.deviceAddress.equals(address)) {
connect(device);
}
}
}
private void connect(final WifiP2pDevice device) {
if (mDesiredDevice != null
&& !mDesiredDevice.deviceAddress.equals(device.deviceAddress)) {
if (DEBUG) {
Slog.d(TAG, "connect: nothing to do, already connecting to "
+ describeWifiP2pDevice(device));
}
return;
}
if (mConnectedDevice != null
&& !mConnectedDevice.deviceAddress.equals(device.deviceAddress)
&& mDesiredDevice == null) {
if (DEBUG) {
Slog.d(TAG, "connect: nothing to do, already connected to "
+ describeWifiP2pDevice(device) + " and not part way through "
+ "connecting to a different device.");
}
return;
}
if (!mWfdEnabled) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Ignoring request to connect to Wifi display because the "
+" feature is currently disabled: " + device.deviceName);
return;
}
mDesiredDevice = device;
mConnectionRetriesLeft = CONNECT_MAX_RETRIES;
updateConnection();
}
requestConnect先从mAvaiableWifiDsiplayPeers中通过Mac地址找到所有连接的WifiP2pDevice,然后调用connect方法,在connect方法中会做一系列的判断,看首先是否有正在连接中或者断开中的设备,如果有就直接返回;再看有没有已经连接上的设备,如果有,也直接返回,然后赋值mDesiredDevice为这次要连接的设备,最后调用updateConnection来更新连接状态并发起连接。updateConnection的代码比较长,我们分段来分析:
private void updateConnection() {
//更新是否需要scan或者停止scan
updateScanState();
//如果有已经连接上的RemoteDisplay,先断开。这里先不看
if (mRemoteDisplay != null && mConnectedDevice != mDesiredDevice) {
}
// 接上面的一步,段开这个group
if (mDisconnectingDevice != null) {
return; // wait for asynchronous callback
}
if (mConnectedDevice != null && mConnectedDevice != mDesiredDevice) {
}
// 如果有正在连接的设备,先停止连接之前的设备
if (mCancelingDevice != null) {
return; // wait for asynchronous callback
}
if (mConnectingDevice != null && mConnectingDevice != mDesiredDevice) {
}
// 当断开之前的连接或者启动匿名GROUP时,这里就结束了
if (mDesiredDevice == null) {
}
// 开始连接,这是我们要看的重点
if (mConnectedDevice == null && mConnectingDevice == null) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Connecting to Wifi display: " + mDesiredDevice.deviceName);
mConnectingDevice = mDesiredDevice;
WifiP2pConfig config = new WifiP2pConfig();
WpsInfo wps = new WpsInfo();
if (mWifiDisplayWpsConfig != WpsInfo.INVALID) {
wps.setup = mWifiDisplayWpsConfig;
} else if (mConnectingDevice.wpsPbcSupported()) {
wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC;
} else if (mConnectingDevice.wpsDisplaySupported()) {
wps.setup = WpsInfo.KEYPAD;
} else {
wps.setup = WpsInfo.DISPLAY;
}
config.wps = wps;
config.deviceAddress = mConnectingDevice.deviceAddress;
config.groupOwnerIntent = WifiP2pConfig.MIN_GROUP_OWNER_INTENT;
WifiDisplay display = createWifiDisplay(mConnectingDevice);
advertiseDisplay(display, null, 0, 0, 0);
final WifiP2pDevice newDevice = mDesiredDevice;
mWifiP2pManager.connect(mWifiP2pChannel, config, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
Slog.i(TAG, "Initiated connection to Wifi display: " + newDevice.deviceName);
mHandler.postDelayed(mConnectionTimeout, CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 1000);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
if (mConnectingDevice == newDevice) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Failed to initiate connection to Wifi display: "