Ruby, an interesting Functional Programming

install nodejs

step：需要在root目录有一个package.json

使用脚手架

1.rails generate scaffold User name:string email:string

2.bundle exec rake db:migrate

访问 http://localhost:3000/users/new等可以CRUD

启动console查看各个资源之间的联系以及查找资源

first_user = User.first

first_user . microposts

rails console

二维数组：[[],[],[]]

1. hash of Ruby:
   hash = {
  key1 => value1,
  key2 => value2,
  key3 => value3
} #preferred
2. pets = Hash.new   <=>   pets = {}
3. pets["name"] = "Peter"
4. access the key-value: puts pets["name"]
5. family.each { |x, y| puts "#{x}: #{y}" }
6. make the hash default value: a = Hash.new(“xufei")
7. u
8. 1)book_1 = "A Wrinkle in Time"

    book_2 = "A Brief History of Time"

    book_1 <=> book_2    #1

 2) 

books = ["Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "War and Peace", "Utopia", "A Brief History of Time", "A Wrinkle in Time"]

# To sort our books in ascending order, in-place

books.sort! { |firstBook, secondBook| firstBook <=> secondBook }

# Sort your books in descending order, in-place below

books.sort! { |firstBook, secondBook| secondBook <=> firstBook }

3)

def welcome

    puts "Welcome to Ruby!"

end

welcome

4)def alphabetize(arr, rev=false)

    arr.sort!

    if rev 

        arr.reverse!

    end

end

numbers=[1,2,3,6,5]

puts alphabetize(numbers, true)

5)symbol

puts "string".object_id

puts "string".object_id

puts :symbol.object_id

puts :symbol.object_id    #colon  my_first_symbol = :my_symbol

6)

:sasquatch.to_s  

"sasquatch".to_sym

7)strings = ["HTML", "CSS", "JavaScript", "Python", "Ruby"]

# Add your code below!

symbols = []

strings.each do |s|

    # sym = s.to_sym

    sym = s.intern

    symbols.push(sym)

end

8)相对于字符串作为key，这种symbol方式更有效率

movies = {

    :movie1 => "bixu1”,      #逗号

    :movie2 => "bwxu1"

    }

9)hash的进一步进化

new_hash = { one: 1,
  two: 2,
  three: 3

}

10)

movie_ratings = {

  memento: 3,

  primer: 3.5,

  the_matrix: 5,

  truman_show: 4,

  red_dawn: 1.5,

  skyfall: 4,

  alex_cross: 2,

  uhf: 1,

  lion_king: 3.5

}

# Add your code below!

good_movies=movie_ratings.select {|k, v| v > 3}   #等号两边不能有空格

11)

movie_ratings.each_key {|k| puts k}

12)

movies={

    move_1: 3

    }

    puts "choose an operation please:"

    choice=gets.chomp

    case choice

    when "add"

     puts "input a movie title"

     title=gets.chomp.to_sym

     if movies[title].nil?

     puts "input a the rating of this movie"

     rating=gets.chomp.to_i

     movies[title]=rating

     puts "the movie title and its rating has been added.#{movies}"

 else 

     puts "the movie title has already existed."

 end

     when "display"

     movies.each do |k, v| 

         puts "#{k}: #{v}"

     end

     when "delete"

     title=gets.chomp.to_sym

     if movies[title].nil?

         puts "the movies is not existing in the hash."

     else

         movies.delete(title)    #注意delete方法,会改变object结构

     end

     when "update"

     puts "please input the movie's name to update:"

     title=gets.chomp.to_sym

     if movies[title].nil?

         puts "the movies is not existing in the hash."

     else

         puts "please input its rating:"

         rating=gets.chomp.to_i

         movies[title]=rating

     end

 else

     puts "Error!"

 end

11)if语句一行写，不用end

puts "fjslkdfla" if true

puts "fsdfs" unless false 

12)

my_name ||= "lixufei"

13)

def multiple_of_three(n)

  n % 3 == 0 ? "True" : "False"

end

multiple_of_three(3)

14)

95.upto(100) {|n| print n, " “}   #

95 96 97 98 99 100  95

"L".upto("P") {|l| puts l}

15)

5.next #6

age.respond_to?(:next)

16)

[1, 2, 3] << 4

# ==> [1, 2, 3, 4]

17)

favorite_animal ||= "miumiu"

18) 得到前几个素数

prime = Prime.instance

  prime.first n

19)

my_nums = [1, 2, 3]

my_nums.collect { |num| num ** 2 }

# ==> [1, 4, 9]

20)

fibs = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]

# Add your code below!

doubled_fibs = fibs.collect do |fib|

    fib * 2

end

21)

def block_test

  puts "We're in the method!"

  puts "Yielding to the block..."

  yield

  puts "We're back in the method!"

end

block_test { puts ">>> We're in the block!" }

22)

def double(num)

    yield(5)

end

double(3) {|n| n*2}

23)proc

floats = [1.2, 3.45, 0.91, 7.727, 11.42, 482.911]

# Write your code below this line!

round_down=Proc.new {|f| (f-0.5).round}

# Write your code above this line!

ints = floats.collect(&round_down)

--------------------

[1, 2, 3].collect!(&cube)

# ==> [1, 8, 27]
[4, 5, 6].map!(&cube)
# ==> [64, 125, 216]


(The  .collect! and  .map! methods do the exact same thing.)

--------------------------

24)

def greeter

    yield

end

phrase=Proc.new {puts "Hello there!"}

greeter(&phrase)

25)

hi=Proc.new {puts "Hello!"}

hi.call

26)

numbers_array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

strings_array = numbers_array.map(&:to_s)

27)Lambda   —think about the differences between lambda and proc;

def batman_ironman_proc

  victor = Proc.new { return "Batman will win!" }

  victor.call

  "Iron Man will win!"

end

puts batman_ironman_proc

def batman_ironman_lambda

  victor = lambda { return "Batman will win!" }

  victor.call

  "Iron Man will win!"

end

puts batman_ironman_lambda

27)

my_array = ["raindrops", :kettles, "whiskers", :mittens, :packages]

# Add your code below!

symbol_filter=lambda{|c| return c.is_a? Symbol}

symbols=my_array.select(&symbol_filter)

28)Camparison of block, proc, and lambda

block:

odds_n_ends = [:weezard, 42, "Trady Blix", 3, true, 19, 12.345]

ints=odds_n_ends.select{|a| a.is_a? Integer}

proc:

ages = [23, 101, 7, 104, 11, 94, 100, 121, 101, 70, 44]

# Add your code below!

under_100=Proc.new{|n| n<100}

youngsters=ages.select(&under_100)

lambda:

crew = {

  captain: "Picard",

  first_officer: "Riker",

  lt_cdr: "Data",

  lt: "Worf",

  ensign: "Ro",

  counselor: "Troi",

  chief_engineer: "LaForge",

  doctor: "Crusher"

}

# Add your code below!

first_half=lambda{|k, v| return v<"M"}

a_to_m=crew.select(&first_half)