QT tcp Socket 通信开发

最新推荐文章于 2017-12-03 20:22:03 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2017-12-03 20:22:03 发布

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分类专栏： Nokia 文章标签： qt tcp socket signal descriptor server

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转自：http://blog.csdn.net/demowolf/archive/2010/05/17/5598879.aspx

折腾了很久TCP IP通信机制。

以前虽然看过bsd tcp/ip的so called 基础通信代码。什么bind, listen ,accept , receive, write, read，但是一直没真正理解。

这次由于公司需求，我狠狠地读了代码，并且搬出QT老本行，开始了QT For windows的编程。

这个大体构架是做一个聊天室软件。

每个client都可以给服务器TCP发消息，服务器通过TCP给各个客户端转发消息。

服务器端代码：

Server.cpp 继承 QTcpServer 主要用来listen to some port , 侦听到端口后，继承重写了incomingConnection函数，来new 如下的一个

代码

tcpClientSocket.cpp 这个继承QTcpSocket ，用来 server.cpp里被 New 出来，接受各种请求

它重写了函数dataReceived , 即各种客户端发来的请求数据，（注意，这个不是第一步的connect状态，这个是业务逻辑上得请求，比如我给

server发送了“你好” ）。

这一步处理好后，便开始给各个客户端分发同样的消息“你好” 。使用方法，很简单，QTcpSocket的write方法即可。

这里的细节重点是，在server.cpp里，每个new出来的TcpClientSocket的指针，我放到一个QLIST< TcpClientSocket * >模板里。这样，只要

你不删去这个节点，这个TCP链接就一直存在，嘿嘿，神奇吧。

刚开始我看QT自带example ，fortuneclient and threaded fortune server；我试图着在example的基础上修改代码，一步步达到目的。结果

发现他的业务逻辑，总是write后就自动disconnected，我以为不disconnected，就能长链接，结果总是出错。

我一直纳闷，这是为什么呢？我用了个List保存了socket的descriptor，以为留着套接字的描述符，就可以下次再调出来用用。实际呢，必须

创建链路的时刻，就保存指针。TCP链接，指针在，链路在。指针亡，链路亡。

这也验证了我的想法，所谓一个真正的通信链路SOCKET的创建，是这样执行下去的。在APP层，我们调用了connect，实际OS对网卡发送了连接

对方的信号，这个电子，一路走过去，直到accept , 这一个链路创建了，在网卡开辟了区域了，在系统OS也开辟了内存，两方都为此一直保持

着这段数据的存在，指针即维系一个网络TCP链路的关键。

这就意味着，客户端无需写什么侦听代码来接受服务器端的消息，直接保持那个链路，消息自然就可以发过来，触发dataReceived信号。

写完代码后，我测试了一下，3个客户端同时链接TCP服务器端的5566端口，全部成功。

曾经很纠结我的所谓端口只能被一个占用。看来，理论远不如实际来的直接。

最后，我还是贴个代码吧。我知道，当一个人寻找各类消息的时候，代码总是最先看得，谁喜欢看人家博客唠叨半天，不讲大道理啊！

服务器端：

chatserver.h
*********************
#ifndef CHATSERVER_H
#define CHATSERVER_H
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QStringList>
#include "tcpclientsocket.h"
class ChatServer : public QTcpServer
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ChatServer(QObject *parent = 0,int port=0);
    void PushMessage();
    QList<TcpClientSocket*> tcpClientSocketList;
signals:
    void updateServer(QString,int);
public slots:
    void updateClients(QString,int);
    void slotDisconnected(int);
protected:
    void incomingConnection(int socketDescriptor);
private:
    QStringList fortunes;
    int onlineDescriptor;
};
#endif // CHATSERVER_H
*********************
chatserver.cpp
*********************
#include "chatserver.h"
#include "chatthread.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
ChatServer::ChatServer(QObject *parent,int port)
        : QTcpServer(parent)
{
    fortunes << tr("Searching for people...")
             << tr("You've find a people. Try say hello!")
             << tr("You've disconnected.");
    listen(QHostAddress::Any,port);
}
void ChatServer::incomingConnection(int socketDescriptor)
{
    TcpClientSocket *tcpClientSocket=new TcpClientSocket(this);
    connect(tcpClientSocket,SIGNAL(updateClients(QString,int)),this,SLOT(updateClients(QString,int)));
    connect(tcpClientSocket,SIGNAL(disconnect(int)),this,SLOT(slotDisconnected(int)));
    tcpClientSocket->setSocketDescriptor(socketDescriptor);
    tcpClientSocketList.append(tcpClientSocket);
/*
    onlineDescriptor=socketDescriptor;
    QString fortune = fortunes.at(qrand() % fortunes.size());
//    QString fortune = fortunes.at(0);
    ChatThread *thread = new ChatThread(socketDescriptor, fortune, this);
    connect(thread, SIGNAL(finished()), thread, SLOT(deleteLater()));
    thread->start();
*/
}
void ChatServer::updateClients(QString msg, int length)
{
 //   emit updateServer(msg,length);
    for(int i=0;i<tcpClientSocketList.count();i++)
    {
        QTcpSocket *item=tcpClientSocketList.at(i);
        if(item->write(msg.toLatin1(),length)!=length)
        {
            continue;
        }
    }
}
void ChatServer::slotDisconnected(int descriptor)
{
    for (int i=0;i<tcpClientSocketList.count();i++)
    {
        QTcpSocket *item=tcpClientSocketList.at(i);
        if(item->socketDescriptor()==descriptor)
        {
            tcpClientSocketList.removeAt(i);
            return;
        }
    }
    return;
}
void ChatServer::PushMessage()
{
    QString testString;
    testString="fuck u";
    updateClients(testString,testString.length());
 /*
   ChatThread *thread = new ChatThread(onlineDescriptor, testString, this);
    connect(thread, SIGNAL(finished()), thread, SLOT(deleteLater()));
    thread->start();
*/
}
*********************
chatui.h
*********************
#ifndef CHATUI_H
#define CHATUI_H
#include <QDialog>
#include "chatserver.h"
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QLabel;
class QPushButton;
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class ChatUi : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ChatUi(QWidget *parent = 0);
private slots:
    void Test();
private:
    QLabel *statusLabel;
    QPushButton *quitButton;
    QPushButton *testButton;
    ChatServer *server;
};
#endif // CHATUI_H
*********************
chatui.cpp
*********************
#include "chatui.h"
#include "chatserver.h"
#include <QtGui>
#include <QtNetwork>
#include <stdlib.h>
ChatUi::ChatUi(QWidget *parent)
    :QDialog(parent)
{
    statusLabel = new QLabel;
    quitButton=new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));
    quitButton->setAutoDefault(false);
    testButton=new QPushButton(tr("Test"));
    testButton->setAutoDefault(false);
    server=new ChatServer(this,5566);
    if (!server->isListening()) {
        QMessageBox::critical(this, tr("Chat Server"),
                              tr("Unable to start the server: %1.")
                              .arg(server->errorString()));
        close();
        return;
    }
    QString ipAddress;
    QList<QHostAddress> ipAddressesList = QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
    for (int i = 0; i < ipAddressesList.size(); ++i) {
            if (ipAddressesList.at(i) != QHostAddress::LocalHost &&
                ipAddressesList.at(i).toIPv4Address()) {
                ipAddress = ipAddressesList.at(i).toString();
                break;
            }
        }
    if (ipAddress.isEmpty())
            ipAddress = QHostAddress(QHostAddress::LocalHost).toString();
    statusLabel->setText(tr("The server is running on/n/nIP: %1/nport: %2/n/n"
                                "Run the Fortune Client example now.")
                             .arg(ipAddress).arg(server->serverPort()));
    connect(quitButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(close()));
    connect(testButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(Test()));
    QHBoxLayout *buttonLayout = new QHBoxLayout;
    buttonLayout->addStretch(1);
    buttonLayout->addWidget(quitButton);
    buttonLayout->addStretch(1);
    buttonLayout->addWidget(testButton);
    buttonLayout->addStretch(1);
    QVBoxLayout *mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout;
    mainLayout->addWidget(statusLabel);
    mainLayout->addLayout(buttonLayout);
    setLayout(mainLayout);
    setWindowTitle(tr("Chat Server"));
}
void ChatUi::Test()
{
    server->PushMessage();
}
*********************
tcpclientsocket.h
*********************
#ifndef TCPCLIENTSOCKET_H
#define TCPCLIENTSOCKET_H
#include <QTcpSocket>
class TcpClientSocket : public QTcpSocket
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    TcpClientSocket(QObject* parent=0);
    ~TcpClientSocket();
signals:
    void updateClients(QString,int);
    void disconnected(int);
protected slots:
    void dataReceived();
//    void slotDisconnected();
};
#endif // TCPCLIENTSOCKET_H
*********************
tcpclientsocket.cpp
*********************
#include "tcpclientsocket.h"
TcpClientSocket::TcpClientSocket(QObject* parent)
{
    connect(this,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(dataReceived()));
    connect(this,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(slotDisconnected()));
}
TcpClientSocket::~TcpClientSocket()
{
}
void TcpClientSocket::dataReceived()
{
    while(bytesAvailable()>0)
    {
        char buf[1024];
        int length=bytesAvailable();
        read(buf,length);
        QString msg=buf;
        emit updateClients(msg,length);
    }
}
*********************
下面是客户端代码
client.h
*********************

#ifndef CLIENT_H
#define CLIENT_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QTcpSocket>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QDialogButtonBox;
class QLabel;
class QLineEdit;
class QPushButton;
class QTcpSocket;
QT_END_NAMESPACE
//! [0]
class Client : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    Client(QWidget *parent = 0);
private slots:
    void requestNewFortune();
    void readFortune();
    void displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError);
    void enableGetFortuneButton();
    void slotConnected();
private:
    QLabel *hostLabel;
    QLabel *portLabel;
    QLineEdit *hostLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *portLineEdit;
    QLabel *statusLabel;
    QPushButton *getFortuneButton;
    QPushButton *quitButton;
    QDialogButtonBox *buttonBox;
    QTcpSocket *tcpSocket;
    QString currentFortune;
    quint16 blockSize;
#ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN
    bool isDefaultIapSet;
#endif
};
//! [0]
#endif
*********************
client.cpp
*********************

#include <QtGui>
#include <QtNetwork>
#include "client.h"
#ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN
#include "sym_iap_util.h"
#endif
//! [0]
Client::Client(QWidget *parent)
    : QDialog(parent)
{
//! [0]
    hostLabel = new QLabel(tr("&Server name:"));
    portLabel = new QLabel(tr("S&erver port:"));
    // find out which IP to connect to
    QString ipAddress;
    QList<QHostAddress> ipAddressesList = QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
    // use the first non-localhost IPv4 address
    for (int i = 0; i < ipAddressesList.size(); ++i) {
        if (ipAddressesList.at(i) != QHostAddress::LocalHost &&
            ipAddressesList.at(i).toIPv4Address()) {
            ipAddress = ipAddressesList.at(i).toString();
            break;
        }
    }
    // if we did not find one, use IPv4 localhost
    if (ipAddress.isEmpty())
        ipAddress = QHostAddress(QHostAddress::LocalHost).toString();
    hostLineEdit = new QLineEdit(ipAddress);
    portLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
    portLineEdit->setValidator(new QIntValidator(1, 65535, this));
    hostLabel->setBuddy(hostLineEdit);
    portLabel->setBuddy(portLineEdit);
    statusLabel = new QLabel(tr("This examples requires that you run the "
                                "Fortune Server example as well."));
    getFortuneButton = new QPushButton(tr("Get Fortune"));
    getFortuneButton->setDefault(true);
    getFortuneButton->setEnabled(false);
    quitButton = new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));
    buttonBox = new QDialogButtonBox;
    buttonBox->addButton(getFortuneButton, QDialogButtonBox::ActionRole);
    buttonBox->addButton(quitButton, QDialogButtonBox::RejectRole);
//! [1]
    tcpSocket = new QTcpSocket(this);
//! [1]
    connect(hostLineEdit, SIGNAL(textChanged(QString)),
            this, SLOT(enableGetFortuneButton()));
    connect(portLineEdit, SIGNAL(textChanged(QString)),
            this, SLOT(enableGetFortuneButton()));
    connect(getFortuneButton, SIGNAL(clicked()),
            this, SLOT(requestNewFortune()));
    connect(quitButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(close()));
//! [2] //! [3]
    connect(tcpSocket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(slotConnected()));
    connect(tcpSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readFortune()));
//! [2] //! [4]
    connect(tcpSocket, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),
//! [3]
            this, SLOT(displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));
//! [4]
    QGridLayout *mainLayout = new QGridLayout;
    mainLayout->addWidget(hostLabel, 0, 0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(hostLineEdit, 0, 1);
    mainLayout->addWidget(portLabel, 1, 0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(portLineEdit, 1, 1);
    mainLayout->addWidget(statusLabel, 2, 0, 1, 2);
    mainLayout->addWidget(buttonBox, 3, 0, 1, 2);
    setLayout(mainLayout);
    setWindowTitle(tr("Fortune Client"));
    portLineEdit->setFocus();
#ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN
    isDefaultIapSet = false;
#endif
//! [5]
}
//! [5]
//! [6]
void Client::requestNewFortune()
{
    getFortuneButton->setEnabled(false);
#ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN
    if(!isDefaultIapSet) {
        qt_SetDefaultIap();
        isDefaultIapSet = true;
    }
#endif
    blockSize = 0;
    tcpSocket->abort();
//! [7]
    tcpSocket->connectToHost(hostLineEdit->text(),
                             portLineEdit->text().toInt());
//! [7]
}
//! [6]
//! [8]
void Client::readFortune()
{
    while(tcpSocket->bytesAvailable()>0)
    {
        QByteArray datagram;
        datagram.resize(tcpSocket->bytesAvailable());
        tcpSocket->read(datagram.data(),datagram.size());
        QString msg=datagram.data();
        statusLabel->setText(msg);
        getFortuneButton->setEnabled(true);
    }
    /*
//! [9]
    QDataStream in(tcpSocket);
    in.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_0);
    if (blockSize == 0) {
        if (tcpSocket->bytesAvailable() < (int)sizeof(quint16))
            return;
        in >> blockSize;
    }
    if (tcpSocket->bytesAvailable() < blockSize)
        return;
    QString nextFortune;
    in >> nextFortune;
//! [12]
    currentFortune = nextFortune;
//! [9]
    statusLabel->setText(currentFortune);
    getFortuneButton->setEnabled(true);
*/
}
//! [12]
//! [13]
void Client::displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError)
{
    switch (socketError) {
    case QAbstractSocket::RemoteHostClosedError:
        QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Fortune Client"),
                                 tr("Romote server closed illegally."));
        break;
    case QAbstractSocket::HostNotFoundError:
        QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Fortune Client"),
                                 tr("The host was not found. Please check the "
                                    "host name and port settings."));
        break;
    case QAbstractSocket::ConnectionRefusedError:
        QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Fortune Client"),
                                 tr("The connection was refused by the peer. "
                                    "Make sure the fortune server is running, "
                                    "and check that the host name and port "
                                    "settings are correct."));
        break;
    default:
        QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Fortune Client"),
                                 tr("The following error occurred: %1.")
                                 .arg(tcpSocket->errorString()));
    }
    getFortuneButton->setEnabled(true);
}
//! [13]
void Client::enableGetFortuneButton()
{
    getFortuneButton->setEnabled(!hostLineEdit->text().isEmpty()
                                 && !portLineEdit->text().isEmpty());
}
void Client::slotConnected()
{
    QString msg="hello,server";
    tcpSocket->write(msg.toLatin1(),msg.length());
    return;
}
*********************