JAVA对XML的几种解析方法讲解（JDOM)

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-31 15:03:20 发布

灵峰

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-31 15:03:20 发布

阅读量403

点赞数

分类专栏：软件开发文章标签： xml java string attributes import 文档

软件开发专栏收录该内容

29 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

减少DOM、SAX的编码量，出现了JDOM；

优点：极大减少了代码量。

使用场合：要实现的功能简单，如解析、创建等，但在底层，JDOM还是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文档。

必须得下载jdom.jar文件

package xml.jdom;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

import xml.XmlDocument;

public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {

public static void main(String[] args){
   JDomDemo jDomeDemo = new JDomDemo();
   jDomeDemo.createXml("Test2.xml");
   jDomeDemo.parserXml("Test2.xml");
}

@Override
public void createXml(String fileName) {
   Element root = new Element("employees");
   Document document = new Document(root);

   Element employee = new Element("employee");
   root.addContent(employee);
   Element name = new Element("name");
   name.setText("ddvip");
   employee.addContent(name);
   Element sex = new Element("sex");
   sex.setText("m");
   employee.addContent(sex);
   Element age = new Element("age");
   age.setText("23");
   employee.addContent(age);
   XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();

   try {
    XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
   } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }

}

@Override
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
   SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(false);
   try {
    Document document = builder.build(fileName);
    Element employees = document.getRootElement();
    List employeeList = employees.getChildren("employee");
    for (int i = 0; i < employeeList.size(); i++) {
     Element employee = (Element) employeeList.get(i);
     List employeeInfo = employee.getChildren();
     for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.size(); j++) {
      System.out.println(((Element) employeeInfo.get(j))
        .getName()
        + ":" + ((Element) employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());

     }
    }
   } catch (JDOMException e) {

e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}

DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API，具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点，同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML，特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

由于测试的时候用的JRE是1.6的，似乎没有找到DOM4J的包，所以从网上下载了DOM4J的JAR文件

package xml.dom4j;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
import xml.XmlDocument;

public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {

public static void main(String[] args){
   Dom4jDemo dom4jDemo = new Dom4jDemo();
   dom4jDemo.createXml("Test1.xml");
   dom4jDemo.parserXml("Test1.xml");
}

    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
        Element employees=document.addElement("employees");
        Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");
        Element name= employee.addElement("name");
        name.setText("ddvip");
        Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");
        sex.setText("m");
        Element age=employee.addElement("age");
        age.setText("29");
        try {
            Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);
            XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);
            xmlWriter.write(document);
            xmlWriter.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void parserXml(String fileName) {
        File inputXml=new File(fileName);
        SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
        try {
           Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
           Element employees=document.getRootElement();
           for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){
                Element employee = (Element) i.next();
                for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){
                    Element node=(Element) j.next();
                    System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());
                }
           }
       } catch (DocumentException e) {
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());
       }
    System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");
   }
}

SAX(Simple API for XML)

SAX处理的优点非常类似于流媒体的优点。分析能够立即开始，而不是等待所有的数据被处理。而且，由于应用程序只是在读取数据时检查数据，因此不需要将数据存储在内存中。这对于大型文档来说是个巨大的优点。事实上，应用程序甚至不必解析整个文档；它可以在某个条件得到满足时停止解析。一般来说，SAX 还比它的替代者 DOM 快许多。另一方面，由于应用程序没有以任何方式存储数据，使用 SAX 来更改数据或在数据流中往后移是不可能的。

package xml.sax;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

import xml.XmlDocument;

public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {

@Override
public void createXml(String fileName) {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
   SaxDemo saxDemo = new SaxDemo();
   saxDemo.parserXml("Test.xml");
}

@Override
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
   SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
   try {
    SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
    saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
   } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   } catch (SAXException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
}
}

class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean hasAttribute = false;
Attributes attributes = null;

public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("Document print start...");
}

public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("Document print end.");
}

public void startElement(String url, String localName, String qName,
    Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
   if (qName.equals("employees")) {
    return;
   }

   if (qName.equals("employee")) {
    System.out.println(qName);
   }

   if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
    this.attributes = attributes;
    this.hasAttribute = true;
   }
}

public void endElement(String url, String localName, String qName)
    throws SAXException {
   if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
    for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
     System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) + attributes.getValue(0));
    }
   }
}

public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));

}
}

DOM(Document Object Model)，DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析

优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；

缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时间和空间；使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。

本测试一共用了两个文件，并在同一个目录中

XmlDocument.java

package xml;

publicinterface XmlDocument {

publicvoid createXml(String fileName);

publicvoid parserXml(String fileName);

}

XMLParse.java

/**
*
*/
package xml;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

/**
* @author lgao
*
*/
public class XMLParse implements XmlDocument {

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
   XMLParse xmlParse = new XMLParse();
   xmlParse.init();
   xmlParse.createXml("Test.xml");
   xmlParse.parserXml("Test.xml");
}

private Document document;

public void init() {
   try {
    DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
      .newInstance();
    DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
    this.document = builder.newDocument();
   } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
   }
}

public void createXml(String fileName) {

   Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
   this.document.appendChild(root);
   Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
   Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
   name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮"));
   employee.appendChild(name);
   Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
   sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m"));
   employee.appendChild(sex);
   Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
   age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30"));
   employee.appendChild(age);
   root.appendChild(employee);

   TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
   try {
    Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
    DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
    transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
    transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
    PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
    StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
    transformer.transform(source, result);
    System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!");
   } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (TransformerException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

}

public void parserXml(String fileName) {
   try {
    DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
    Document document = db.parse(fileName);
    NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {
     Node employee = employees.item(i);
     NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
     for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
      Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
      NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
      for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
       System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
         + ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
      }
     }
    }
    System.out.println("解析完毕");
   } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
   } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
   } catch (SAXException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
   } catch (IOException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
   }
}
}