第八周项目三 分数类中的运算符重载-（2）分数与分数、分数与整数的四则运算

项目要求

在（1）的基础上，实现分数类中的对象和整型数的四则运算。分数类中的对象可以和整型数进行四则运算，且运算符合交换律。例如：CFraction a(1,3),b; int i=2; 可以完成b=a+i;。同样，可以完成i+a, 45+a, a*27, 5/a等各种运算。

代码如下

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class CFraction
{
private:
    int nume;  // 分子
    int deno;  // 分母
public:
    CFraction(int nu=0,int de=1);   //构造函数，初始化用
    void set(int nu=0,int de=1);    //置值，改变值时用
    void input();    //按照"nu/de"的格式，如"5/2"的形式输入
    void simplify();   //化简（使分子分母没有公因子）
    void amplify(int n);  //放大n倍，如2/3放大5倍为10/3
    void output(int style=0); //输出：以8/6为例，style为0时，原样输出8/6；
    //style为1时，输出化简后形式4/3；
    //style为2时，输出1(1/3)形式，表示一又三分之一；
    //style为3时，用小数形式输出，如1.3333；
    //默认方式0
    //
    //分数大小的比较
    bool operator > (CFraction &c);
    bool operator < (CFraction &c);
    bool operator >= (CFraction &c);
    bool operator <= (CFraction &c);
    bool operator == (CFraction &c);
    bool operator != (CFraction &c);
    //扩展四则运算
    friend CFraction operator+(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2);
    friend CFraction operator+(double d,CFraction &c1);
    friend CFraction operator+(CFraction &c1,double d);
    friend CFraction operator-(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2);
    friend CFraction operator-(double d,CFraction &c1);
    friend CFraction operator-(CFraction &c1,double d);
    friend CFraction operator*(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2);
    friend CFraction operator*(double d,CFraction &c1);
    friend CFraction operator*(CFraction &c1,double d);
    friend CFraction operator/(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2);
    friend CFraction operator/(double d,CFraction &c1);
    friend CFraction operator/(CFraction &c1,double d);
};
int main()
{
    cout<<"分数c1=8/6"<<endl<<"————————————————"<<endl;
    CFraction C1(8,6),C2,C;
    cout<<"将c1扩大2倍：";
    C1.amplify(2);
    C1.output();
    cout<<"将c1按小数形式输出：";
    C1.output(3);
    cout<<"————————————————"<<endl<<"输入分数c2（按a/b形式输入）：";
    C2.input();
    cout<<"将c2化简后输出：";
    C2.output(1);
    cout<<"将c2重置为9/15后：";
    C2.set(9,15);
    C2.output(0);
    cout<<"将重置后的c2用小数形式输出：";
    C2.output(3);
    //进行大小比较与加减乘除
    cout<<"————————————————"<<endl;
    cout<<"比较c1与c2大小："<<endl;
    if (C1>C2)
        cout<<"C1>C2"<<endl;
    if (C1<C2)
        cout<<"C1<C2"<<endl;
    if (C1==C2)
        cout<<"C1＝C2"<<endl;
    if (C1!=C2)
        cout<<"C1≠C2"<<endl;
    if (C1>=C2)
        cout<<"C1≥C2"<<endl;
    if (C1<=C2)
        cout<<"C1≤C2"<<endl;
    cout<<"————————————————"<<endl;
    cout<<"进行c1与c2的加减乘除："<<endl;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    C=C1+C2;
    C.output(1);
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    C=C1-C2;
    C.output(1);
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    C=C1*C2;
    C.output(1);
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    C=C1/C2;
    C.output(1);
    cout<<"————————————————"<<endl;
    cout<<"进行c1与整数的四则运算："<<endl;
    cout<<"（最简分数形式输出）c1+8=";
    C=C1+8;
    C.output(1);
    cout<<"（小数形式输出）c1-2=";
    C=C1-2;
    C.output(3);
    cout<<"（带分数形式输出）c2*3=";
    C=C2*3;
    C.output(2);
    cout<<"（小数形式输出）c2/2=";
    C=C2/2;
    C.output(3);
    cout<<"（带分数形式输出）2/c2=";
    C=2/C2;
    C.output(2);

    return 0;
}
//四则运算
//+++
CFraction operator+(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*c2.deno+c1.deno*c2.nume,c1.deno*c2.deno);
}
CFraction operator+(double d,CFraction &c1)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume+d*c1.deno,c1.deno);
}
CFraction operator+(CFraction &c1,double d)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume+d*c1.deno,c1.deno);
}
//---
CFraction operator-(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*c2.deno-c1.deno*c2.nume,c1.deno*c2.deno);
}
CFraction operator-(double d,CFraction &c1)
{
    return CFraction(d*c1.deno-c1.nume,c1.deno);
}
CFraction operator-(CFraction &c1,double d)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume-d*c1.deno,c1.deno);
}
//***
CFraction operator*(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*c2.nume,c1.deno*c2.deno);
}
CFraction operator*(double d,CFraction &c1)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*d,c1.deno);
}
CFraction operator*(CFraction &c1,double d)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*d,c1.deno);
}
/
CFraction operator/(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*c2.deno,c1.deno*c2.nume);
}
CFraction operator/(double d,CFraction &c1)
{
    return CFraction(d*c1.deno,c1.nume);
}
CFraction operator/(CFraction &c1,double d)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume,c1.deno*d);
}

//实现分数大小的比较
bool CFraction::operator > (CFraction &c)
{
    if ((nume/deno)>(c.nume/c.deno))return true;
    else return false;
}
bool CFraction::operator < (CFraction &c)
{
    if ((nume/deno)<(c.nume/c.deno))return true;
    else return false;
}
bool CFraction::operator >= (CFraction &c)
{
    if (*this<c)return false;
    else return true;
}
bool CFraction::operator <= (CFraction &c)
{
    if (*this>c)return false;
    else return true;
}
bool CFraction::operator == (CFraction &c)
{
    if (*this<c||*this>c)return false;
    else return true;
}
bool CFraction::operator != (CFraction &c)
{
    if (*this==c)return false;
    else return true;
}
//实现分数的输入与格式的判断
CFraction::CFraction(int nu,int de)
{
    while (1)//注意while(1)的使用
    {
        if (de!=0)
        {
            nume=nu;
            deno=de;
            break;
        }
        else
            cout<<"分子不能为0，请重新输入！"<<endl;
    }
}
void CFraction::set(int nu,int de)
{
    while (1)//注意while(1)的使用
    {
        if (de!=0)
        {
            nume=nu;
            deno=de;
            break;
        }
        else
            cout<<"分子不能为0，请重新输入！"<<endl;
    }
    return;
}
void CFraction::input()
{
    char d;
    int nu,de;
    cin>>nu>>d>>de;
    while (1)//注意while(1)的使用
    {
        if (d=='/')
        {
            if (de!=0)
            {
                nume=nu;
                deno=de;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                cout<<"分子不能为0，请重新输入！"<<endl;
                cin>>nu>>d>>de;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            cout<<"格式错误，请重新输入！"<<endl;
            cin>>nu>>d>>de;
        }
    }
}
//求公约数实现分数的化简
void CFraction::simplify()//!!记住如何求最大公约数
{
    int r,x=nume,y=deno;
    while (y!=0)
    {
        r=x%y;
        x=y;
        y=r;
    }
    nume/=x;
    deno/=x;
    return;
}
//分数的成倍放大
void CFraction::amplify(int n)
{
    nume*=n;
    return;
}
//输出
void CFraction::output(int style)
{
    if (style==0)
        cout<<nume<<"/"<<deno<<endl;
    else if (style==1)
    {
        simplify();
        cout<<nume<<"/"<<deno<<endl;
    }
    else if (style==2)
    {
        int n=nume/deno;
        int d=nume%deno;
        cout<<n<<"("<<d<<"/"<<deno<<")"<<endl;
    }
    else if (style==3)
    {
        cout<<nume/(double)deno<<endl;//!!强制转换类型
    }
    return;
}

运行结果

学习心得

在

CFraction CFraction::operator-(CFraction &c)
{
    CFraction a;
    a.nume=nume*c.deno-deno*c.nume;
    a.deno=deno*c.deno;
    return a;
}

可以直接return

CFraction operator-(CFraction &c1,CFraction &c2)
{
    return CFraction(c1.nume*c2.deno-c1.deno*c2.nume,c1.deno*c2.deno);
}

并且要注意写好与整数的除法