机器学习实践系列之14 - OpenCV之傅里叶变换

       关于 傅里叶变换，讲的太多了，这里我就不再啰嗦一遍了，原理的东西大家可以搜一下，推荐一篇文章：

       如果看了此文你还不懂傅里叶变换，那就过来掐死我吧

       这篇文章写得很不错了，从 频域 到傅里叶级数 讲的都比较细，而且都有配图，真看不懂的话就 你掐死他吧！

       （PS：冤冤相报何时了，我在一旁看热闹，横批：不嫌事大）

       看下效果（居然暴漏了自己的迅雷，哈哈）：

       参考代码：

/* linolzhang 2013.11
   基于OpenCV的傅里叶变换及逆变换
*/
#include <iostream>  
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"  

#pragma comment(lib,"opencv_core2410.lib")  
#pragma comment(lib,"opencv_highgui2410.lib")  

//傅里叶正变换
void fft2(IplImage *src, IplImage *dst)
{
	// 实部、虚部
	IplImage *image_Re = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
	IplImage *image_Im = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
	IplImage *Fourier = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 2);

	cvConvertScale(src, image_Re); // 实部变换 u8 -> 64f
	cvZero(image_Im);              // 虚部变换 -> 0

	// Merge
	cvMerge(image_Re, image_Im, 0, 0, Fourier);

	// DFT计算傅里叶变换
	cvDFT(Fourier, dst, CV_DXT_FORWARD);

	cvReleaseImage(&image_Re);
	cvReleaseImage(&image_Im);
	cvReleaseImage(&Fourier);
}

void fft2shift(IplImage *src, IplImage *dst)
{
	IplImage *image_Re = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
	IplImage *image_Im = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
	cvSplit(src, image_Re, image_Im, 0, 0);

	// 具体原理见冈萨雷斯《数字图像处理》p123
	// Compute the magnitude of the spectrum Mag = sqrt(Re^2 + Im^2)
	// 计算傅里叶谱
	cvPow(image_Re, image_Re, 2.0);
	cvPow(image_Im, image_Im, 2.0);
	cvAdd(image_Re, image_Im, image_Re);
	cvPow(image_Re, image_Re, 0.5);
	// 对数变换以增强灰度级细节(这种变换使以窄带低灰度输入图像值映射
	// 一宽带输出值，具体可见冈萨雷斯数字图像处理p62)
	// Compute log(1 + Mag);
	cvAddS(image_Re, cvScalar(1.0), image_Re); // 1 + Mag
	cvLog(image_Re, image_Re); // log(1 + Mag)

	// Rearrange the quadrants of Fourier image so that the origin is at the image center
	int cy = src->height / 2;
	int cx = src->width / 2;

	// CV_IMAGE_ELEM为OpenCV定义的宏，用来读取图像的像素值，这一部分就是进行中心变换
	for(int j=0; j<cy; j++)
	{
		for(int i=0; i<cx; i++)
		{
			// 中心化，将整体份成四块进行对角交换
			double tmp13 = CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j, i);
			CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j, i) = CV_IMAGE_ELEM(image_Re, double, j+cy, i+cx);
			CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j+cy, i+cx) = tmp13;
		
			double tmp24 = CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j, i+cx);
			CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j, i+cx) = CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j+cy, i);
			CV_IMAGE_ELEM( image_Re, double, j+cy, i) = tmp24;
		}
	}
	// 归一化处理将矩阵的元素值归一为[0,255]
	// [(f(x,y)-minVal)/(maxVal-minVal)]*255
	double minVal = 0, maxVal = 0;
	// Localize minimum and maximum values
	cvMinMaxLoc( image_Re, &minVal, &maxVal );
	// Normalize image (0 - 255) to be observed as an u8 image
	double scale = 255/(maxVal - minVal);
	double shift = -minVal * scale;
	cvConvertScale(image_Re, dst, scale, shift);
	cvReleaseImage(&image_Re);
	cvReleaseImage(&image_Im);
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	IplImage *src = NULL;
	if(argc != 2)  
		src = cvLoadImage("1.jpg", 0); // 加载源图像，转为单通道
	else  
		src = cvLoadImage(argv[1], 0);  

	IplImage *Fourier = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src),IPL_DEPTH_64F,2);  // 傅里叶系数
	IplImage *dst = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src),IPL_DEPTH_64F,2);
	IplImage *ImageRe = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src),IPL_DEPTH_64F,1);
	IplImage *ImageIm = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src),IPL_DEPTH_64F,1);
	IplImage *Image = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src),src->depth,src->nChannels);
	IplImage *ImageDst = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src),src->depth,src->nChannels);

	fft2(src,Fourier);                   // 傅里叶变换
	fft2shift(Fourier, Image);           // 中心化
	cvDFT(Fourier,dst,CV_DXT_INV_SCALE); // 实现傅里叶逆变换，并对结果进行缩放
	cvSplit(dst,ImageRe,ImageIm,0,0);

	// 对数组每个元素平方并存储在第二个参数中
	cvPow(ImageRe,ImageRe,2);               
	cvPow(ImageIm,ImageIm,2);
	cvAdd(ImageRe,ImageIm,ImageRe,NULL);
	cvPow(ImageRe,ImageRe,0.5);

	double m,M;
	cvMinMaxLoc(ImageRe,&m,&M,NULL,NULL);
	double scale = 255/(M - m);
	double shift = -m * scale;

	// 将shift加在ImageRe各元素按比例缩放的结果上，存储为ImageDst
	cvConvertScale(ImageRe,ImageDst,scale,shift);

	cvShowImage("源图像",src); 
	cvShowImage("傅里叶谱",Image);
	cvShowImage("傅里叶逆变换",ImageDst);
	cvWaitKey(0);

	// 释放资源
	cvReleaseImage(&src);
	cvReleaseImage(&Image);
	cvReleaseImage(&ImageIm);
	cvReleaseImage(&ImageRe);
	cvReleaseImage(&Fourier);
	cvReleaseImage(&dst);
	cvReleaseImage(&ImageDst);
	return 0;
}