设计模式《十二》——享元模式

简介

用于减少创建对象的数量，实现对象的共享，当对象多的时候可以减少内存占用和提高性能。

 

角色与职责

• Flyweight：描述一个接口，通过这个接口flyweight可以接受并作用于外部状态；
• ConcreteFlyweight：实现Flyweight接口，并为定义了一些内部状态，ConcreteFlyweight对象必须是可共享的；同时，它所存储的状态必须是内部的；即，它必须独立于ConcreteFlyweight对象的场景；
• UnsharedConcreteFlyweight：并非所有的Flyweight子类都需要被共享。Flyweight接口使共享成为可能，但它并不强制共享。所以此类可以没有。
• FlyweightFactory：创建并管理flyweight对象。它需要确保合理地共享flyweight；当用户请求一个flyweight时，FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例，如果请求的实例不存在的情况下，就新创建一个实例；
• Client：维持一个对flyweight的引用；同时，它需要计算或存储flyweight的外部状态。

 

实现

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
// 对应Flyweight
class Person {
public:
    Person(string name, int age) : m_name(name), m_age(age){}
    virtual void printT() = 0;
protected:
    string m_name;
    int m_age;
};
// 对应ConcreteFlyweight
class Teacher : public Person {
public:
    Teacher(string name, int age, string id) :Person(name, age), m_id(id) {}
    virtual void printT() {
        cout << "name:" << m_name << " age:" << m_age << " id:" << m_id << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_id;
};
// 对应FlyweightFactory
class FlyweightTeacherFactory {
public:
    FlyweightTeacherFactory() {
        m_map.clear();
    }
    ~FlyweightTeacherFactory() {
        while (!m_map.empty()) {
            Person* tmp = NULL;
            map<string, Person*>::iterator it = m_map.begin();
            tmp = it->second;
            m_map.erase(it);
            delete tmp;
        }
    }
    Person* getTeacher(string id) {
        map<string, Person*>::iterator it = m_map.find(id);
        if (it == m_map.end()) {
            string t_name;
            int t_age = 0;
            cout << "input teacher name, please!" << endl;
            cin >> t_name;
            cout << "input teacher age, please!" << endl;
            cin >> t_age;
            Person* temp = new Teacher(t_name, t_age, id);
            m_map.insert(pair<string, Person*>(id, temp));
            return temp;
        }
        else {
            return it->second;
        }
    }
private:
    map<string, Person*> m_map;
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    Person *p1 = NULL;
    Person *p2 = NULL;
    FlyweightTeacherFactory* fwtf = new FlyweightTeacherFactory;
    p1 = fwtf->getTeacher("001");
    p1->printT();
    p2 = fwtf->getTeacher("001");
    p2->printT();
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}