ffmpeg4.2.2 读文件（官方demo：avio_reading.c）

ffmpeg4.2.2   doc/examples/avio_reading.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Stefano Sabatini
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * libavformat AVIOContext API example.
 *
 * Make libavformat demuxer access media content through a custom
 * AVIOContext read callback.
 * @example avio_reading.c
 */

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavformat/avio.h>
#include <libavutil/file.h>

struct buffer_data {
    uint8_t *ptr;
    size_t size; ///< size left in the buffer
};

static int read_packet(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
{
    struct buffer_data *bd = (struct buffer_data *)opaque;
    buf_size = FFMIN(buf_size, bd->size);

    if (!buf_size)
        return AVERROR_EOF;
    printf("ptr:%p size:%zu\n", bd->ptr, bd->size);

    /* copy internal buffer data to buf */
    memcpy(buf, bd->ptr, buf_size);
    bd->ptr  += buf_size;
    bd->size -= buf_size;

    return buf_size;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;
    AVIOContext *avio_ctx = NULL;
    uint8_t *buffer = NULL, *avio_ctx_buffer = NULL;
    size_t buffer_size, avio_ctx_buffer_size = 4096;
    char *input_filename = NULL;
    int ret = 0;
    struct buffer_data bd = { 0 };

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s input_file\n"
                "API example program to show how to read from a custom buffer "
                "accessed through AVIOContext.\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    input_filename = argv[1];

    /* 使用linux系统的open和fstat函数打开和取得输入文件的状态，并使用mmap函数
       将文件映射进内存，buffer为被映射区的指针，buffer_size为文件大小 */
    /* slurp file content into buffer */
    ret = av_file_map(input_filename, &buffer, &buffer_size, 0, NULL);
    if (ret < 0)
        goto end;

    /* fill opaque structure used by the AVIOContext read callback */
    bd.ptr  = buffer;
    bd.size = buffer_size;

    /* 给格式上下文分配内存和设置默认值 */
    if (!(fmt_ctx = avformat_alloc_context())) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto end;
    }

    avio_ctx_buffer = av_malloc(avio_ctx_buffer_size);
    if (!avio_ctx_buffer) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto end;
    }

    /* 分配和初始化io上下文； 
     *avio_ctx_buffer：缓冲区；avio_ctx_buffer_size：缓冲区大小(设为4kb)；
     * 第三个参数为0表示不可写； bd:指向用户特定数据的不透明指针；
     * read_packet:用来填充缓冲区的函数 */
    avio_ctx = avio_alloc_context(avio_ctx_buffer, avio_ctx_buffer_size,
                                  0, &bd, &read_packet, NULL, NULL);
    if (!avio_ctx) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto end;
    }
    fmt_ctx->pb = avio_ctx;

    /* 其中一步是读取输入文件部分数据，用来确定输入文件格式 ，所以这个函数最少会调用一次read_packet函数*/
    ret = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input\n");
        goto end;
    }
    /*  使用avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx,input_filename,NULL,NULL)应该可以替换掉上面的所有步骤吧，
        这两个的具体差异在哪，不是特别明白，难道是缓冲区和回调读包函数的演示？不然就使用默认值了   */

    /* 这个函数超长，主要是读取部分输入文件数据，获取一些流信息和做一些检查，
       读取的数据不会丢弃，后面可继续用到  */
    ret = avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find stream information\n");
        goto end;
    }

    /* 打印输入文件的详细流信息 */
    av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, input_filename, 0);

end:
    avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);

    /* note: the internal buffer could have changed, and be != avio_ctx_buffer */
    if (avio_ctx)
        av_freep(&avio_ctx->buffer);
    avio_context_free(&avio_ctx);

    av_file_unmap(buffer, buffer_size);

    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}