4.启动另一个Activity-Google官网上的Android初学训练

原文地址：http://developer.android.com/training/basics/firstapp/building-ui.html

响应按钮

1. 在Android Studio, 从 res/layout 目录, 编辑activity_my.xml 文件.
2. 在 <Button> 元素, 添加 android:onClick属性.

   res/layout/activity_my.xml

   <Button
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:text="@string/button_send"
       android: />
   

    android:onClick 属性的值, "sendMessage", 是用户点击按钮后调用的函数.

3. 在 java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp 目录, 打开 MyActivity.java 文件.
4. 在 MyActivity 类, 添加 sendMessage() 方法.

   java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

   /** Called when the user clicks the Send button */
   public void sendMessage(View view) {
       // Do something in response to button
   }
   

   为了匹配 android:onClick指定的方法，定义的方法必须是:

   • public
   • void 返回值
   •  View 作为唯一参数(传递的是被点击的 View )

创建一个 Intent

1. 在 MyActivity.java,  sendMessage() 方法, 创建 Intent 启动名为DisplayMessageActivity 的Activity:

   java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

   public void sendMessage(View view) {
     Intent intent = new Intent(this, DisplayMessageActivity.class);
   }
   

   Intents

   An Intent is an object that provides runtime binding between separate components (such as two activities). The Intent represents an app’s "intent to do something." You can use intents for a wide variety of tasks, but most often they’re used to start another activity. For more information, see Intents and Intent Filters.

   构造函数获得两个参数:

   •  Context 作为第一个参数 (this 代表当前Activity， Activity 是 Context的子类)
   •  应传递给 Intent 的Class (本例中, 应被启动的Activity)

   Android Studio 提示，必须导入 Intent 类.

2. 文件顶端,导入 Intent class:

   java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

   import android.content.Intent;
   

   小技巧: 在 Android Studio, 按 Alt + Enter (option + return on Mac) 导入缺少的 classes.

3. Inside the sendMessage() method, use findViewById() to get the EditText element.

   java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

   public void sendMessage(View view) {
     Intent intent = new Intent(this, DisplayMessageActivity.class);
     EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_message);
   }
   

4. 导入EditText class.
5. 文本赋值给本地变量 message, 使用 putExtra() 将值添加到 intent.

   java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

   public void sendMessage(View view) {
     Intent intent = new Intent(this, DisplayMessageActivity.class);
     EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_message);
     String message = editText.getText().toString();
     intent.putExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE, message);
   }
   

   Intent 可携带 key-value 对，称为 extras. putExtra() 用来添加key-value对.

6. 在 MyActivity 顶部, 定义 EXTRA_MESSAGE:

   java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

   public class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
       public final static String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "com.mycompany.myfirstapp.MESSAGE";
       ...
   }
   

   
   

7. 在 sendMessage() 方法, 调用 startActivity() 方法

完整的 sendMessage() 方法如下:

java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp/MyActivity.java

/** Called when the user clicks the Send button */
public void sendMessage(View view) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(this, DisplayMessageActivity.class);
    EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_message);
    String message = editText.getText().toString();
    intent.putExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE, message);
    startActivity(intent);
}

创建第二个 Activity

所有 Activity 的子类必须实现 onCreate() 方法. Activity在此方法中接收Intent的信息. 同时, onCreate() 必须调用setContentView() 方法设置布局.

Android Studio中创建Activity

Figure 1. The new activity wizard in Android Studio.

1. 在Android Studio, 在 java 目录, 选择包, com.mycompany.myfirstapp, 右键，选择 New > Activity > Blank Activity.
2. 在 Choose options 窗口, 填写如下：
   • Activity Name: DisplayMessageActivity
   • Layout Name: activity_display_message
   • Title: My Message
   • Hierarchical Parent: com.mycompany.myfirstapp.MyActivity
   • Package name: com.mycompany.myfirstapp

   Click Finish.

3. 打开 DisplayMessageActivity.java 文件.
4. 移除 onCreateOptionsMenu() 方法.

接收Intent

每个 Activity 由一个 Intent调用, 无论用户如何导向到那个Activity. 调研 getIntent() 可获取调用了本Activity的 intent，从中获取信息.

1. 在 java/com.mycompany.myfirstapp 目录, 编辑 DisplayMessageActivity.java 文件.
2. 在 onCreate() 方法, 移除:

     setContentView(R.layout.activity_display_message);
   

3. 获取intent.

   Intent intent = getIntent();
   

4. 文件头部，导入 Intent.
5. 使用 getStringExtra() 方法获取传递过来的信息.

   String message = intent.getStringExtra(MyActivity.EXTRA_MESSAGE);
   

显示信息

1. 在 onCreate() 方法, 创建 TextView 对象.

   TextView textView = new TextView(this);
   

2. 设置尺寸和文本.

   textView.setTextSize(40);
   textView.setText(message);
   

3. 将 TextView 设为根view.

   setContentView(textView);
   

4. 文件顶部,导入 TextView 类.

完整的 onCreate() 方法如下:

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // Get the message from the intent
    Intent intent = getIntent();
    String message = intent.getStringExtra(MyActivity.EXTRA_MESSAGE);

    // Create the text view
    TextView textView = new TextView(this);
    textView.setTextSize(40);
    textView.setText(message);

    // Set the text view as the activity layout
    setContentView(textView);
}

运行app。

Figure 2. Both activities in the final app, running on Android 4.4.

就这样，创建了第一个 Android app!