当我们使用Android Stdio的活动自动向导自动生成活动时,在活动中Android Stdio会自动为我们生成这样一段代码。
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
这段方法会在活动被系统创建后被调用。而这个活动的参数Bundle使用来恢复状态的。活动在一些状况可能会被系统撤销而后重新创建,例如屏幕方向发生旋转。这时onCreate方法可以通过Bundle参数中保存的数值来恢复活动被系统撤销前的一些参数。Android允许开发者通过onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)
方法来保存当前活动的信息参数,在活动被撤销前Android会调用此方法来保存信息。
使用方式如下:
@Override//声明覆盖
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle saveInstanceState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(saveInstanceState);
/*↑必须先调用父类中的改方法以保证父类中该方法的操作全部被实现*/
saveInstanceState.putInt("seconds", seconds);
/*通过.put*(“信息名”),信息值;的方式对数据进行保存*/
saveInstanceState.putBoolean("running",running);
saveInstanceState.putBoolean("wasRunning",wasRunning);
}
这样如果活动被重新构建,onCreate会自动被传入anSaveInstanceState方法中使用的Bundle,恢复数据的方式如下:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if(savedInstanceState != null){
//如果活动是第一次被创建,则传入的Bundle的值为null
seconds = savedInstanceState.getInt("seconds");
running = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("running");
wasRunning = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("wasRunning");
}
}
下面是一个实现了数据自动恢复的秒针计时Android活动代码,可以参考一下
package com.hdad.stopwatch;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private int seconds = 0;
private boolean running = false;
private boolean wasRunning ;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if(savedInstanceState != null){
seconds = savedInstanceState.getInt("seconds");
running = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("running");
wasRunning = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("wasRunning");
}
runningTime();
}
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle saveInstanceState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(saveInstanceState);
saveInstanceState.putInt("seconds", seconds);
saveInstanceState.putBoolean("running",running);
saveInstanceState.putBoolean("wasRunning",wasRunning);
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
wasRunning = running;
running = false;
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
running = wasRunning;
}
public void onClickStart(View view){
running = true;
}
public void onClickStop(View view){
running = false;
}
public void onClickReset(View view){
running = false;
seconds = 0;
}
public void runningTime(){
final TextView textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.time_view);
final Handler handler = new Handler();
handler.post(//本线程自活动创建伊始便开始运行
new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
int hours = seconds/3600;
int minutes = seconds/60;
int secs = seconds%60;
String time = String.format("%d:%02d:%02d",hours,minutes,secs);
textView.setText(time);
if(running){
seconds++;
}
handler.postDelayed(this,1000);//1000毫秒后再次请求运行本类
}
}
);
}
}