centos7下配置一些环境和使用

1介绍

主要是自己使用的时候，方便查找，整理一下，都是自己使用过的

2python

1. 下载Python压缩包

到Python官网下载Python 3.9.9压缩包：

2. 文件上传并解压

# 2.1 首先到根目录，在/usr/local目录下创建python目录
[root@bogon home]# cd /
[root@bogon /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@bogon /]# cd usr
[root@bogon usr]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  local  sbin  share  src  tmp
[root@bogon usr]# ls local
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@bogon usr]# cd local
[root@bogon local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@bogon local]# mkdir python
# 2.2 将python压缩包移动到/usr/local/python目录下，进行解压
[root@bogon Downloads]# mv Python-3.9.9.tar.xz /usr/local/python
[root@bogon Downloads]# cd /
[root@bogon /]# cd usr
[root@bogon usr]# cd local
[root@bogon local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  python  sbin  share  src
[root@bogon local]# ls python
Python-3.9.9.tar.xz
[root@bogon local]# 
[root@bogon local]# cd python
[root@bogon python]# tar xvf Python-3.9.9.tar.xz
Python-3.9.9/
Python-3.9.9/Python/
Python-3.9.9/Python/pystrtod.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/importlib.h
Python-3.9.9/Python/Python-ast.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/hamt.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/bltinmodule.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/context.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/future.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/pystrcmp.c
Python-3.9.9/Python/symtable.c

3. 准备编译环境
   到根目录下执行命令：
   yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel -y

[root@bogon python]# cd /
[root@bogon /]# yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel -y

4. 编译安装
   执行命令：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9

[root@bogon /]# cd usr/local/python
[root@bogon python]# cd Python-3.9.9
[root@bogon Python-3.9.9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9

接下来两步，直接即可：
make

make install

出现这么几行

Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
。。。
Successfully installed pip-21.2.4 setuptools-58.1.0

5. 配置环境变量

使用vim /etc/profile查看环境变量，

[root@bogon Python-3.9.9]# cd /
[root@bogon /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@bogon /]# vim /etc/profile

打开之后，可能会出现这样，这步做起来，感觉好麻烦

While opening file "/etc/profile"
             dated: Sun Nov  6 01:19:35 2016

(1) Another program may be editing the same file.  If this is the case,
    be careful not to end up with two different instances of the same
    file when making changes.  Quit, or continue with caution.
(2) An edit session for this file crashed.
    If this is the case, use ":recover" or "vim -r /etc/profile"
    to recover the changes (see ":help recovery").
    If you did this already, delete the swap file "/etc/.profile.swp"
    to avoid this message.

Swap file "/etc/.profile.swp" already exists!
[O]pen Read-Only, (E)dit anyway, (R)ecover, (D)elete it, (Q)uit, (A)bort:

然后添加如下代码：

export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9

export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH

添加之后，:wq保存并退出

刷新环境变量的配置使其生效：source /etc/profile
6.大功告成
使用python3 -V #V为大写查看Python的版本信息，正是需要的Python3.7.5。

[root@bogon /]# source /etc/profile
[root@bogon /]# python3 -V
Python 3.9.9

最后将pip3也链接到/usr/bin下 可以快捷的使用命令
直接输如pip3 -V可以看到：

[root@bogon /]# pip3 -V
pip 21.2.4 from /usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

执行下面的命令，好像没什么用

[root@bogon /]# ln -s /usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip /usr/local/bin/pip3
[root@bogon /]# pip3 -V
pip 21.2.4 from /usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

运行python文件，直接找到py文件的目录，直接输入：python 文件名.py

2.2python文件打包成linux可执行文件

[root@bogon /]# pip3 install pyinstaller
[root@bogon /]# pyinstaller --version
4.7

打包

[root@bogon /]# cd home/123456
[root@bogon 123456]# ls
Desktop    Downloads  Pictures  Templates     Videos
Documents  Music      Public    textClassify
[root@bogon 123456]# cd textClassify
[root@bogon textClassify]# ls
app.py  mysqlClf.py  server.py  textClassifyData
[root@bogon textClassify]# pyinstaller -F -w server.py
89 INFO: PyInstaller: 4
。。。出错了
OSError: Python library not found: libpython3.9.so.1.0, libpython3.9m.so.1.0, libpython3.9.so, libpython3.9m.so, libpython3.9mu.so.1.0
    This means your Python installation does not come with proper shared library files.
    This usually happens due to missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of the Python installation.

    * On Debian/Ubuntu, you need to install Python development packages:
      * apt-get install python3-dev
      * apt-get install python-dev
    * If you are building Python by yourself, rebuild with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on macOS).
    

需要先把文件的依赖包下载下来
1）如果是Ubuntu，按照指示，先看一下python3-dev有没有装，如果没有则
yum install python3-devel
反之下一步：
检查libpython3.6有没有装

然后重新进入python3.6安装路径：/usr/local/python/Python-3.9.9，rebuild一下：
rebuild

重新编译python，顺便打开ssl，避免以后掉坑
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python --enable-shared --with-ssl
make
make install

居然还是报找不到so，http://www.cnblogs.com/trasin/p/6212124.html

查看动态库情况

ldd /usr/local/python36/bin/python3

把需要的.so复制到lib目录
cp libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/

再次打包，这下可以了。这种环境问题真是够烦的
pyinstaller -F app.py

不行！不行！不行！来来回回折腾好几次，上网搜解决方法，不知道哪个解决的，反正又配置一遍，就好了

再试一下
pyinstaller -F 文件名.py

运行 ./文件名

好像还会报jieba/dict.txt什么错
pyinstaller打包(示例代码)
可以在windows下找到jieba目录下的dict.txt文件
在自己的项目目录下创建一个目录，将dict.txt复制进去

然后敲命令：

 pyinstaller -F server.py --add-data="jieba/dict.txt:jieba"

注意：linux下是冒号，windows下是分号

打包之后，运行，使用命令 ./server
无法连接到本地服务器的解决方法如下：

2.3在Linux端安装sklearn，只需要用pip安装numpy/scipy/sklearn即可。

在安装scipy之前，要先安装numpy

命令：python3 -m pip install 【projectName】
命令1：python3 -m pip install numpy
命令2：python3 -m pip install scipy
命令3：python3 -m pip install scikit-learn

需要安装什么，可以去PYPI（https://pypi.org/）上，直接搜索

参考连接

CentOS7安装Python3环境：https://www.cnblogs.com/sgh1023/p/11688629.html