Fibonacci Sequence

Overview

Fibonacci numbers are used to create technical indicators using a mathematical sequence developed by the Italian mathematician, commonly referred to as “Fibonacci,” in the 13th century. The sequence of numbers, starting with zero and one, is created by adding the previous two numbers. For example, the early part of the sequence is 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,144, 233, 377, and so on.
The Fibonacci sequence is significant because of the so-called golden ratio of 1.618, or its inverse 0.618. In the Fibonacci sequence, any given number is approximately 1.618 times the preceding number, ignoring the first few numbers. Each number is also 0.618 of the number to the right of it, again ignoring the first few numbers in the sequence. The golden ratio is ubiquitous in nature where it describes everything from the number of veins in a leaf to the magnetic resonance of spins in cobalt niobate crystals.

The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …

The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it.

• The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+1)
• The 3 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+2)
• And the 5 is (2+3)
• and so on!

Here is a longer list:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, …

Golden Ratio

And here is a surprise. When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci Numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio “φ” which is approximately 1.618034…

In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci Numbers, the closer the approximation. Let us try a few:

A	B	B/A
2	3	1.5
3	5	1.666666666…
5	8	1.6
…	…	…
144	233	1.618055556…
233	377	1.618025751…

Makes A Spiral

When we make squares with those widths, we get a nice spiral:

The Fibonacci sequence in nature

The black and white image has examples of the spirals highlighted so you know what to look for in sunflowers you find.
How do sunflower seeds form?
The word “Phyllotaxis” originating from the Greek words for ‘leaf’ and ‘arrangement’ is the name given to the pattern in sunflower seeds. This is also visible in other natural forms eg: pine cones or pineapple.
Spiral phyllotaxis uses an angle of 137.5 degrees to position each new seed formed. This proves to be the perfect angle by which to tightly pack in as many seeds, so creating this pattern.

参考：
《The numbers of nature: the Fibonacci sequence》
《fibonacci in a sunflower》
《Fibonacci Sequence》
《Fibonacci Numbers and Lines Definition and Uses》
《Nature, The Golden Ratio,and Fibonacci too》