pass-by-value有哪些问题？

问题1， 参数切割slicing

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class Window
{
public:
    Window() {
        std::cout << "Window ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    Window(const Window & win) {
        m_name = win.m_name;
        std::cout << "Window copy ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    virtual ~Window() = default;
    virtual void display() {
        std::cout << "Window is displaying." << std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::string m_name;
};

class SubWindow : public Window
{
public:
    SubWindow() {
        std::cout << "SubWindow ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    SubWindow(const SubWindow & subwin) {
        m_color = subwin.m_color;
        std::cout << "SubWindow copy ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    ~SubWindow() = default;
    virtual void display() {
        std::cout << "SubWindow is displaying." << std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::string m_color;
};

void Display(Window win) {
    win.display();
}

int main()
{
    Window win;
    SubWindow subwin;

    Display(subwin);  // 此处调用了Window的copy ctor和Window的display函数 

    return 0;
}

问题2，额外调用（拷贝）构造函数和析构函数
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class Window
{
public:
    Window() {
        std::cout << "Window ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    Window(const Window & win) {
        m_name = win.m_name;
        std::cout << "Window copy ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    virtual ~Window() = default;
    virtual void display() {
        std::cout << "Window is displaying." << std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::string m_name;
};

class SubWindow : public Window
{
public:
    SubWindow() {
        std::cout << "SubWindow ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    SubWindow(const SubWindow & subwin) {
        m_color = subwin.m_color;
        std::cout << "SubWindow copy ctor called" << std::endl;
    }
    ~SubWindow() = default;
    virtual void display() {
        std::cout << "SubWindow is displaying." << std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::string m_color;
};

void Display(SubWindow win) {
    win.display();
}

int main()
{
    Window win;
    SubWindow subwin;

    Display(subwin); // 此处会调用Window的构造函数、SubWindow的copy ctor
                     // 同时各自内部的std::string构造函数也会被调用

    return 0;
}