Android13 Thread start流程分析

Thread的start方法用于启动一个线程，代码如下：

//libcore/ojluni/src/main/java/java/lang/Thread.java
public class Thread implements Runnable {
    public synchronized void start() {
        /**
         * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
         * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
         * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
         *
         * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        // Android-changed: Replace unused threadStatus field with started field.
        // The threadStatus field is unused on Android.
        // if (threadStatus != 0)
        if (started)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();


        /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
         * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
         * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
        group.add(this);


        // Android-changed: Use field instead of local variable.
        // It is necessary to remember the state of this across calls to this method so that it
        // can throw an IllegalThreadStateException if this method is called on an already
        // started thread.
        // boolean started = false;
        started = false;
        try {
            // Android-changed: Use Android specific nativeCreate() method to create/start thread.
            // start0();
            nativeCreate(this, stackSize, daemon);
            started = true;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (!started) {
                    group.threadStartFailed(this);
                }
            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                  it will be passed up the call stack */
            }
        }
    }
}

调用nativeCreate方法，nativeCreate是一个native方法，实现如下：

//art/runtime/native/java_lang_Thread.cc
static void Thread_nativeCreate(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jobject java_thread, jlong stack_size,
                                jboolean daemon) {
  // There are sections in the zygote that forbid thread creation.
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  if (runtime->IsZygote() && runtime->IsZygoteNoThreadSection()) {
    jclass internal_error = env->FindClass("java/lang/InternalError");
    CHECK(internal_error != nullptr);
    env->ThrowNew(internal_error, "Cannot create threads in zygote");
    return;
  }


  Thread::CreateNativeThread(env, java_thread, stack_size, daemon == JNI_TRUE);
}

调用Thread的CreateNativeThread函数：

//art/runtime/Thread.cc
void Thread::CreateNativeThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject java_peer, size_t stack_size, bool is_daemon) {
  CHECK(java_peer != nullptr);
  Thread* self = static_cast<JNIEnvExt*>(env)->GetSelf();


  if (VLOG_IS_ON(threads)) {
    ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);


    ArtField* f = WellKnownClasses::java_lang_Thread_name;
    ObjPtr<mirror::String> java_name =
        f->GetObject(soa.Decode<mirror::Object>(java_peer))->AsString();
    std::string thread_name;
    if (java_name != nullptr) {
      thread_name = java_name->ToModifiedUtf8();
    } else {
      thread_name = "(Unnamed)";
    }


    VLOG(threads) << "Creating native thread for " << thread_name;
    self->Dump(LOG_STREAM(INFO));
  }


  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();


  // Atomically start the birth of the thread ensuring the runtime isn't shutting down.
  bool thread_start_during_shutdown = false;
  {
    MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_);
    if (runtime->IsShuttingDownLocked()) {
      thread_start_during_shutdown = true;
    } else {
      runtime->StartThreadBirth();
    }
  }
  if (thread_start_during_shutdown) {
    ScopedLocalRef<jclass> error_class(env, env->FindClass("java/lang/InternalError"));
    env->ThrowNew(error_class.get(), "Thread starting during runtime shutdown");
    return;
  }


  Thread* child_thread = new Thread(is_daemon);
  // Use global JNI ref to hold peer live while child thread starts.
  child_thread->tlsPtr_.jpeer = env->NewGlobalRef(java_peer);
  stack_size = FixStackSize(stack_size);


  // Thread.start is synchronized, so we know that nativePeer is 0, and know that we're not racing
  // to assign it.
  SetNativePeer(env, java_peer, child_thread);


  // Try to allocate a JNIEnvExt for the thread. We do this here as we might be out of memory and
  // do not have a good way to report this on the child's side.
  std::string error_msg;
  std::unique_ptr<JNIEnvExt> child_jni_env_ext(
      JNIEnvExt::Create(child_thread, Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM(), &error_msg));


  int pthread_create_result = 0;
  if (child_jni_env_ext.get() != nullptr) {
    pthread_t new_pthread;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    child_thread->tlsPtr_.tmp_jni_env = child_jni_env_ext.get();
    CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_attr_init, (&attr), "new thread");
    CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_attr_setdetachstate, (&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED),
                       "PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED");
    CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_attr_setstacksize, (&attr, stack_size), stack_size);
    pthread_create_result = pthread_create(&new_pthread,
                                           &attr,
                                           gUseUserfaultfd ? Thread::CreateCallbackWithUffdGc
                                                           : Thread::CreateCallback,
                                           child_thread);
    CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_attr_destroy, (&attr), "new thread");


    if (pthread_create_result == 0) {
      // pthread_create started the new thread. The child is now responsible for managing the
      // JNIEnvExt we created.
      // Note: we can't check for tmp_jni_env == nullptr, as that would require synchronization
      //       between the threads.
      child_jni_env_ext.release();  // NOLINT pthreads API.
      return;
    }
  }


  // Either JNIEnvExt::Create or pthread_create(3) failed, so clean up.
  {
    MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_);
    runtime->EndThreadBirth();
  }
  // Manually delete the global reference since Thread::Init will not have been run. Make sure
  // nothing can observe both opeer and jpeer set at the same time.
  child_thread->DeleteJPeer(env);
  delete child_thread;
  child_thread = nullptr;
  // TODO: remove from thread group?
  SetNativePeer(env, java_peer, nullptr);
  {
    std::string msg(child_jni_env_ext.get() == nullptr ?
        StringPrintf("Could not allocate JNI Env: %s", error_msg.c_str()) :
        StringPrintf("pthread_create (%s stack) failed: %s",
                                 PrettySize(stack_size).c_str(), strerror(pthread_create_result)));
    ScopedObjectAccess soa(env);
    soa.Self()->ThrowOutOfMemoryError(msg.c_str());
  }
}

pthread_create是pthread库中的函数，通过syscall再调用到clone来请求内核创建线程。

• 原型：int pthread_create（（pthread_t thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *（start_routine）（void *）, void *arg）

• 头文件：#include

• 输入参数：thread：线程标识符； attr：线程属性设置； start_routine：线程函数的起始地址； arg：传递给start_routine的参数；

• 返回值：成功则返回0；出错则返回-1。

• 功能：创建线程，并调用线程起始地址所指向的函数start_routine。

这部分属于Linux相关内容，这里就不再介绍了。