对于刚入门TensorFlow的新手来说(笔者也是0.0),第一个完成的就是MNIST训练,但我们对初始的代码用TensorBoard进行可视化操作,效果并不好,它的布局很不友好。所以为了更好的组织可视化效果图中的计算节点,TensorBoard支持通过TensorFlow命名空间来整理可视化效果图上的节点。
首先包括两部分代码:
1,mnist_inerence.py
#coding:utf-8
#mnist_inference.py
import tensorflow as tf
#定义神经网络相关参数
INPUT_NODE = 784
OUTPUT_NODE = 10
LAYER1_NODE = 500
#通过tf.get_variable 函数来获取变量
#在训练神经网络时会创建这些变量
#在测试时会通过保存的模型,加载这些变量的取值
#可以在变量加载时将“滑动平均变量”重命名,所以可以在训练时使用变量自身,在测试时使用变量的滑动平均值
#在这个函数中也会将变量的正则化损失加入损失集合
def get_weight_variable(shape, regularizer):
#对权重的定义,shape表示维度
#将变量初始化为满足正太分布的随机值,但如果随机出来的值偏离平均值超过2个标准差,那么这个数将会被重新随机
weights = tf.get_variable("weights", shape, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1))
#将当前变量的正则损失加入名字为losses的集合
if regularizer != None:
tf.add_to_collection('losses', regularizer(weights))
return weights
#定义神经网络的前向传播过程
def inference(input_tensor, regularizer):
#声明第一层神经网络的变量并完成前向传播的过程
with tf.variable_scope('layer1'):
weights = get_weight_variable([INPUT_NODE, LAYER1_NODE], regularizer)
biases = tf.get_variable("biases", [LAYER1_NODE], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
layer1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(input_tensor, weights) + biases)
#声明第二层神经网络的变量并完成前向传播的过程
with tf.variable_scope('layer2'):
weights = get_weight_variable([LAYER1_NODE, OUTPUT_NODE], regularizer)
biases = tf.get_variable("biases", [OUTPUT_NODE], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
layer2 = tf.matmul(layer1, weights) + biases
return layer2
2,mnist_train.py
#coding:utf-8
#mnist_train.py
import os
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
#加载 mnist_inference.py 中定义的常量和前向传播的函数
import mnist_inference
INPUT_NODE = 784
OUTPUT_NODE = 10
LAYER1_NODE = 500
BATCH_SIZE = 100 # 子训练集的数据数量
LEARNING_RATE_BASE = 0.8 # 基础学习率
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY = 0.99 # 指数衰减学习率
REGULARIZATION_RATE = 0.0001 # 正则化损失率
TRAINING_STEPS = 30000 # 训练总轮数
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY = 0.99 # 滑动平均模型的衰减率
def train(mnist):
with tf.name_scope('input'):
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,mnist_inference.INPUT_NODE],name='x-input')
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,mnist_inference.OUTPUT_NODE],name = 'y-cinput')
regularizer = tf.contrib.layers.l2_regularizer(REGULARIZATION_RATE)
y = mnist_inference.inference(x,regularizer)
global_step = tf.Variable(0,trainable = False)
with tf.name_scope('moving_average'):
variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY,global_step)
variable_averages_op = variable_averages.apply(tf.trainable_variables())
with tf.name_scope('loss_function'):
cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
logits = y,labels = tf.argmax(y_,1))
cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy)
loss = cross_entropy_mean + tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'))
with tf.name_scope('train_step'):
learning_rate = tf.train.exponential_decay(
LEARNING_RATE_BASE,
global_step,
mnist.train.num_examples/BATCH_SIZE,
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY,
staircase = True)
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(\
loss,global_step = global_step)
with tf.control_dependencies([train_step,variable_averages_op]):
train_op = tf.no_op(name='train')
writer = tf.summary.FileWriter('/path/to/log',tf.get_default_graph())
writer.close()
def main(argv=None):
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/home/sun/AI/DNN/handWrite2/data", one_hot=True)
train(mnist)
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.app.run()
在cmd界面运行第二个程序。然后用浏览器打开,可以看到如下界面。
至于如何使用TensorBoard进行可视化操作,可看笔者另一边博客:初识TensorBoard