一、uboot_配置与编译原理

一、uboot介绍

        uboot是一个板级程序，作用为引导内核。

二、uboot的Makefile结构分析

1、编译uboot流程

1、配置
make mini2440_config
2、编译
make

2、文件分布介绍

（1）arch：与 体系架构相关

（2）cpu：与cpu相关

（3）broad：与板子相关

（4）common：共用部分，与指令相关

（5）driver：与驱动相关，网卡驱动，串口驱动等

3、Makefile结构分析

（1）配置：make 

mini2440_config	:	unconfig
	@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t mini2440 NULL s3c24x0


等价于：
    mkconfig mini2440 arm arm920t mini2440 NULL s3c24x0

（2）分析mkconfig配置

mkconfig mini2440 arm arm920t mini2440 NULL s3c24x0

1、板子名称
[ "${BOARD_NAME}" ] || BOARD_NAME="$1"
    
   =》 BOARD_NAME=mini2440

2、文件目录配置（执行else内容）
if [ "$SRCTREE" != "$OBJTREE" ] ; then
	mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include
	mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include2
	cd ${OBJTREE}/include2
	rm -f asm
	ln -s ${SRCTREE}/include/asm-$2 asm
	LNPREFIX="../../include2/asm/"
	cd ../include
	rm -rf asm-$2
	rm -f asm
	mkdir asm-$2
	ln -s asm-$2 asm
else
	cd ./include
	rm -f asm
	ln -s asm-$2 asm
fi
    =》 cd ./include
	    rm -f asm
	    ln -s asm-arm asm

3、删除asm-arm/arch（与配置项无关）
    rm -f asm-$2/arch

4、链接arch目录（执行else内容）
if [ -z "$6" -o "$6" = "NULL" ] ; then
	ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$3 asm-$2/arch
else
	ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$6 asm-$2/arch
fi
    =》    ln -s arch-s3c24x0 asm-arm/arch

5、创建proc链接文件（条件成立）
if [ "$2" = "arm" ] ; then
	rm -f asm-$2/proc
	ln -s ${LNPREFIX}proc-armv asm-$2/proc
fi
    =》    rm -f asm-arm/proc
           ln -s proc-armv asm-arm/proc 

6、填充config.mk
echo "ARCH   = $2" >  config.mk
echo "CPU    = $3" >> config.mk
echo "BOARD  = $4" >> config.mk

[ "$5" ] && [ "$5" != "NULL" ] && echo "VENDOR = $5" >> config.mk
[ "$6" ] && [ "$6" != "NULL" ] && echo "SOC    = $6" >> config.mk

    文件内容为：
        ARCH = arm
        CPU = arm920t
        BOARD = mini2440 
        SOC = s3c24x0

7、创建配置头文件（config.h）
if [ "$APPEND" = "yes" ]	# Append to existing config file
then
	echo >> config.h
else
	> config.h		# Create new config file
fi
echo "/* Automatically generated - do not edit */" >>config.h
echo "#include <configs/$1.h>" >>config.h

    《config.h》
        /* Automatically generated - do not edit */
        #include <configs/mini2440.h>

（3）编译流程（Makefile）

1、Makefile会包含config.mk（由make xxx_config生成）文件
    ARCH = arm
    CPU = arm920t
    BOARD = mini2440 
    SOC = s3c24x0

2、源码加载
OBJS  = cpu/$(CPU)/start.o
LIBS  = lib_generic/libgeneric.a
LIBS += board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).a
LIBS += cpu/$(CPU)/lib$(CPU).a
    =》
OBJS  = cpu/arm920t/start.o
LIBS  = lib_generic/libgeneric.a
LIBS += board/mini2440/libmini2440.a
LIBS += cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a
    ...

3、uboot生成
$(obj)u-boot.bin:	$(obj)u-boot
		$(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O binary $< $@

$(obj)u-boot:		depend version $(SUBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) $(LDSCRIPT)
		UNDEF_SYM=`$(OBJDUMP) -x $(LIBS) |sed  -n -e 's/.*\(__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
		cd $(LNDIR) && $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $$UNDEF_SYM $(__OBJS) \
			--start-group $(__LIBS) --end-group $(PLATFORM_LIBS) \
			-Map u-boot.map -o u-boot

4、链接地址（LDFLAGS）
   （1）链接配置（config.mk）
LDFLAGS += -Bstatic -T $(LDSCRIPT) -Ttext $(TEXT_BASE) $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)
   （2）Bstatic在（/board/mini2440/config.mk）配置文件中
TEXT_BASE = 0x33F80000

（4）链接脚本

OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm")
/*OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-arm", "elf32-arm", "elf32-arm")*/
OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
ENTRY(_start)
SECTIONS
{
	. = 0x00000000;

	. = ALIGN(4);
	.text      :
	{
	  cpu/arm920t/start.o	(.text)
          board/mini2440/boot_init.o (.text)
	  *(.text)
	}

	. = ALIGN(4);
	.rodata : { *(.rodata) }

	. = ALIGN(4);
	.data : { *(.data) }

	. = ALIGN(4);
	.got : { *(.got) }

	. = .;
	__u_boot_cmd_start = .;
	.u_boot_cmd : { *(.u_boot_cmd) }
	__u_boot_cmd_end = .;

	. = ALIGN(4);
	__bss_start = .;
	.bss : { *(.bss) }
	_end = .;
}