001@ uboot的配置和编译

1：uboot的配置和编译：

配置：make  XXXX_config
编译：make
之后会生成4个文件，分别是    uboot ，uboot.srec ,uboot.bin,uboot.map.
其中，对于我们最重要的是uboot.bin二进制文件，它可以直接烧录到机器里，进行启动，打开串口，会看到打印信息，当然，如果你对uboot进行改写了，让它在3秒倒数计时里按下空格键，进入到uboot的命令行。


配置：make  XXXX_config                 //进入makefile顶层进行搜索
XXXX_config，这是一种单板的配置，uboot支持很多单板，在board目录下都是uboot所支持的单板，其中XXXX指的就是一种单板，以smdk2410为例，我们执行make smdk2410_config-------->会进入到源码树下的makefile，我们搜索smdk2410_config，会看到
smdk2410_config     :     unconfig    
      @$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
其中 MKCONFIG在开始就 已经被定义了 MKCONFIG     := $(SRCTREE)/mkconfig
就变成了 mkconfig smdk2410 arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0    分别是$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6
这时，我们在看源码树下的mkconfig文件

###############################################################################################################
#!/bin/sh -e

# Script to create header files and links to configure
# U-Boot for a specific board.
#
# Parameters:  Target  Architecture  CPU  Board [VENDOR] [SOC]
#
# (C) 2002-2006 DENX Software Engineering, Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
#

// mkconfig smdk2410 arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0    分别是$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6


APPEND=no     # Default: Create new config file
BOARD_NAME=""     # Name to print in make output

while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do   //  $# 代表参数的个数，这时肯定是大于0的，
     case "$1" in           // 如果参数中出现诸如 --) -a) -n) *) ，很显然 6个参数中没有这中情况发生
     --) shift ; break ;;
     -a) shift ; APPEND=yes ;;
     -n) shift ; BOARD_NAME="${1%%_config}" ; shift ;;
     *)  break ;;
     esac
done

[ "${BOARD_NAME}" ] || BOARD_NAME="$1"  // 这句说的是如果 BOARD_NAME有值， 则就 用该值，否则执行后面一句 即BOARD_NAME="$1" 即BOARD_NAME="smdk2410"

[ $# -lt 4 ] && exit 1 如果参数的个数小于4或者大于6个，则退出。
[ $# -gt 6 ] && exit 1

echo "Configuring for ${BOARD_NAME} board..."  在执行make smdk2410_config 的时候，会打印出次句话，很重要。

#
# Create link to architecture specific headers
#
if [ "$SRCTREE" != "$OBJTREE" ] ; then     由源码树下的makefile可知， "SRCTREE" "$OBJTREE"是相等的 所以不执行
     mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include
     mkdir -p ${OBJTREE}/include2
     cd ${OBJTREE}/include2
     rm -f asm
     ln -s ${SRCTREE}/include/asm-$2 asm
     LNPREFIX="../../include2/asm/"
     cd ../include
     rm -rf asm-$2
     rm -f asm
     mkdir asm-$2
     ln -s asm-$2 asm
else                         执行此处
     cd ./include
     rm -f asm             删除之前的软链接文件
     ln -s asm-$2 asm      在 源码树/include下创建一个名字叫asm的软连接文件，指向asm-arm目录
fi

rm -f asm-$2/arch      删除之前的软链接文件

if [ -z "$6" -o "$6" = "NULL" ] ; then
     ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$3 asm-$2/arch
else
     ln -s ${LNPREFIX}arch-$6 asm-$2/arch  执行此处 在源码树/include下创建一个名字叫asm-arm/arch的软链接文件，指向arch-s3c24x0
fi

if [ "$2" = "arm" ] ; then   执行此处
     rm -f asm-$2/proc     删除之前的软链接文件
     ln -s ${LNPREFIX}proc-armv asm-$2/proc  在源码树/include 下创建asm-arm/proc软链接文件，指向 proc-armv
fi

#
# Create include file for Make
#
echo "ARCH   = $2" >  config.mk
echo "CPU    = $3" >> config.mk
echo "BOARD  = $4" >> config.mk

[ "$5" ] && [ "$5" != "NULL" ] && echo "VENDOR = $5" >> config.mk

[ "$6" ] && [ "$6" != "NULL" ] && echo "SOC    = $6" >> config.mk


       在源码树/inlcude下创建一个config.mk文件，内容是
       ARCH   =   arm
       CPU    =   arm920t
       BOARD  =   smdk2410
       SOC    =   s3c24x0

#
# Create board specific header file     创建与板子相关的板文件
#
if [ "$APPEND" = "yes" ]     # Append to existing config file       APPEND=no 所以执行else分支    
then
     echo >> config.h
else
     > config.h          # Create new config file  创建config.h文件
fi
echo "/* Automatically generated - do not edit */" >>config.h
echo "#include <configs/$1.h>" >>config.h

exit 0

在源码树/include 下创建的config.h文件内容就是
Automatically generated - do not edit
#include <configs/smdk2410.h>

起始该脚本就是在 源码树/include 下创建了3个软链接文件 ，config.mk 和 config.h文件
################################################################################################################################

mkconfig文件分析完毕，回到makefile

####################################################################################################################
ifdef O  //此时没指定所以为空
ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
BUILD_DIR := $(O)                   BUILD_DIR为空
endif
endif

ifneq ($(BUILD_DIR),)  //此时也为空
saved-output := $(BUILD_DIR)

# Attempt to create a output directory.
$(shell [ -d ${BUILD_DIR} ] || mkdir -p ${BUILD_DIR})

# Verify if it was successful.
BUILD_DIR := $(shell cd $(BUILD_DIR) && /bin/pwd)
$(if $(BUILD_DIR),,$(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist))
endif # ifneq ($(BUILD_DIR),)

OBJTREE          := $(if $(BUILD_DIR),$(BUILD_DIR),$(CURDIR)) 
SRCTREE          := $(CURDIR)
TOPDIR          := $(SRCTREE)
LNDIR          := $(OBJTREE)
export     TOPDIR SRCTREE OBJTREE  //3个TREE相等

MKCONFIG     := $(SRCTREE)/mkconfig  //前面已经用到
export MKCONFIG

ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
REMOTE_BUILD     := 1
export REMOTE_BUILD
endif

# $(obj) and (src) are defined in config.mk but here in main Makefile
# we also need them before config.mk is included which is the case for
# some targets like unconfig, clean, clobber, distclean, etc.
ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
obj := $(OBJTREE)/
src := $(SRCTREE)/
else   //执行该处
obj :=     //obj src为空，后面用到
src :=
endif
export obj src

# Make sure CDPATH settings don't interfere
unexport CDPATH

#########################################################################

ifeq ($(ARCH),powerpc)
ARCH = ppc
endif

ifeq ($(obj)include/config.mk,$(wildcard $(obj)include/config.mk))

# load ARCH, BOARD, and CPU configuration
include $(obj)include/config.mk   // 包含之前在mkconfig文件里创建的config.mk文件，这样ARCH CPU BOARD VENDOR SOC就包含进来了
export     ARCH CPU BOARD VENDOR SOC

ifndef CROSS_COMPILE
ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
CROSS_COMPILE =
else
ifeq ($(ARCH),ppc)
CROSS_COMPILE = ppc_8xx-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)         //执行此处 指定交叉编译器前缀
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),i386)
CROSS_COMPILE = i386-linux-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),mips)
CROSS_COMPILE = mips_4KC-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),nios)
CROSS_COMPILE = nios-elf-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),nios2)
CROSS_COMPILE = nios2-elf-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),m68k)
CROSS_COMPILE = m68k-elf-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),microblaze)
CROSS_COMPILE = mb-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),blackfin)
CROSS_COMPILE = bfin-uclinux-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),avr32)
CROSS_COMPILE = avr32-linux-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),sh)
CROSS_COMPILE = sh4-linux-
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc)
CROSS_COMPILE = sparc-elf-
endif     # sparc
endif     # HOSTARCH,ARCH
endif     # CROSS_COMPILE

export     CROSS_COMPILE

# load other configuration
include $(TOPDIR)/config.mk

#########################################################################
# U-Boot objects....order is important (i.e. start must be first)

OBJS  = cpu/$(CPU)/start.o       //OBJS指定目标文件
ifeq ($(CPU),i386)
OBJS += cpu/$(CPU)/start16.o
OBJS += cpu/$(CPU)/reset.o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),ppc4xx)
OBJS += cpu/$(CPU)/resetvec.o
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc85xx)
OBJS += cpu/$(CPU)/resetvec.o
endif

OBJS := $(addprefix $(obj),$(OBJS))

LIBS  = lib_generic/libgeneric.a  //LIBS指定编译链接需要的库文件
LIBS += lib_generic/lzma/liblzma.a
LIBS += $(shell if [ -f board/$(VENDOR)/common/Makefile ]; then echo \
     "board/$(VENDOR)/common/lib$(VENDOR).a"; fi)
LIBS += cpu/$(CPU)/lib$(CPU).a
ifdef SOC
LIBS += cpu/$(CPU)/$(SOC)/lib$(SOC).a
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),ixp)
LIBS += cpu/ixp/npe/libnpe.a
endif
LIBS += lib_$(ARCH)/lib$(ARCH).a
LIBS += fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a \
     fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a fs/yaffs2/libyaffs2.a
LIBS += net/libnet.a
LIBS += disk/libdisk.a
LIBS += drivers/bios_emulator/libatibiosemu.a
LIBS += drivers/block/libblock.a
LIBS += drivers/dma/libdma.a
LIBS += drivers/hwmon/libhwmon.a
LIBS += drivers/i2c/libi2c.a
LIBS += drivers/input/libinput.a
LIBS += drivers/misc/libmisc.a
LIBS += drivers/mmc/libmmc.a
LIBS += drivers/mtd/libmtd.a
LIBS += drivers/mtd/nand/libnand.a
LIBS += drivers/mtd/nand_legacy/libnand_legacy.a
LIBS += drivers/mtd/onenand/libonenand.a
LIBS += drivers/mtd/spi/libspi_flash.a
LIBS += drivers/net/libnet.a
LIBS += drivers/net/phy/libphy.a
LIBS += drivers/net/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a
LIBS += drivers/pci/libpci.a
LIBS += drivers/pcmcia/libpcmcia.a
LIBS += drivers/spi/libspi.a
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc83xx)
LIBS += drivers/qe/qe.a
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc85xx)
LIBS += drivers/qe/qe.a
LIBS += cpu/mpc8xxx/ddr/libddr.a
endif
ifeq ($(CPU),mpc86xx)
LIBS += cpu/mpc8xxx/ddr/libddr.a
endif
LIBS += drivers/rtc/librtc.a
LIBS += drivers/serial/libserial.a
LIBS += drivers/usb/libusb.a
LIBS += drivers/video/libvideo.a
LIBS += common/libcommon.a
LIBS += libfdt/libfdt.a
LIBS += api/libapi.a
LIBS += post/libpost.a

LIBS := $(addprefix $(obj),$(LIBS))
.PHONY : $(LIBS) $(VERSION_FILE)

LIBBOARD = board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).a
LIBBOARD := $(addprefix $(obj),$(LIBBOARD))

# Add GCC lib
PLATFORM_LIBS += -L $(shell dirname `$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name`) -lgcc

# The "tools" are needed early, so put this first
# Don't include stuff already done in $(LIBS)
SUBDIRS     = tools \
       examples \
       api_examples

.PHONY : $(SUBDIRS)

ifeq ($(CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT),y)
NAND_SPL = nand_spl
U_BOOT_NAND = $(obj)u-boot-nand.bin
endif

ifeq ($(CONFIG_ONENAND_U_BOOT),y)
ONENAND_IPL = onenand_ipl
U_BOOT_ONENAND = $(obj)u-boot-onenand.bin
endif

__OBJS := $(subst $(obj),,$(OBJS))
__LIBS := $(subst $(obj),,$(LIBS)) $(subst $(obj),,$(LIBBOARD))

#########################################################################
#########################################################################

ALL += $(obj)u-boot.srec $(obj)u-boot.bin $(obj)System.map $(U_BOOT_NAND) $(U_BOOT_ONENAND)
ifeq ($(ARCH),blackfin)
ALL += $(obj)u-boot.ldr
endif

all:          $(ALL)       //这是我们所需要的目标

$(obj)u-boot.hex:     $(obj)u-boot
          $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O ihex $< $@

$(obj)u-boot.srec:     $(obj)u-boot
          $(OBJCOPY) -O srec $< $@

$(obj)u-boot.bin:     $(obj)u-boot        //我们需要的u-boot.bin文件是基于u-boot 它是一个elf格式的文件
          $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O binary $< $@

$(obj)u-boot.ldr:     $(obj)u-boot
          $(LDR) -T $(CONFIG_BFIN_CPU) -f -c $@ $< $(LDR_FLAGS)

$(obj)u-boot.ldr.hex:     $(obj)u-boot.ldr
          $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O ihex $< $@ -I binary

$(obj)u-boot.ldr.srec:     $(obj)u-boot.ldr
          $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O srec $< $@ -I binary

$(obj)u-boot.img:     $(obj)u-boot.bin
          ./tools/mkimage -A $(ARCH) -T firmware -C none \
          -a $(TEXT_BASE) -e 0 \
          -n $(shell sed -n -e 's/.*U_BOOT_VERSION//p' $(VERSION_FILE) | \
               sed -e 's/"[     ]*$$/ for $(BOARD) board"/') \
          -d $< $@

$(obj)u-boot.sha1:     $(obj)u-boot.bin
          $(obj)tools/ubsha1 $(obj)u-boot.bin

$(obj)u-boot.dis:     $(obj)u-boot
          $(OBJDUMP) -d $< > $@

$(obj)u-boot:          depend $(SUBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBBOARD) $(LIBS) $(LDSCRIPT)  //哈哈，终于找到了，这个就是我们真真编译链接所需要的，这也就是该makefile的最重要之处
          UNDEF_SYM=`$(OBJDUMP) -x $(LIBBOARD) $(LIBS) | \
          sed  -n -e 's/.*\($(SYM_PREFIX)__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
          cd $(LNDIR) && $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $$UNDEF_SYM $(__OBJS) \
               --start-group $(__LIBS) --end-group $(PLATFORM_LIBS) \
               -Map u-boot.map -o u-boot
    
     LD 是在源码树下的config.mk文件中定义的 LD =$(CROSS_COMPILE)ld    
     LDSCRIPT指定了一个链接脚本，
     LDSCRIPT：= board/smdk2410/u-boot.lds
    
     在源码树下的config.mk文件中定义了 LDFLAGS += -Bstatic -T $(LDSCRIPT) $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)
     但是一般打了patch之后的uboot 中的config.mk文件中 LDFLAGS += -Bstatic -T $(LDSCRIPT) -Ttext $(TEXT_BASE) $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS) 添加了基地址 -Ttext $(TEXT_BASE)
     其中 TEXT_BASE 是在 board/smdk2410/config.mk文件中定义的 #define TEXT_BASE 0x33f80000 也即uboot代码的链接地址是在0x33f80000处开始运行
    
              
uboot有3个很重要的config.mk文件。一个是顶层的config.mk，一个是在/board/smdk2410/config.mk,一个是在mkconfig中生成的/include/config.mk文件，里面包含了...              

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