java中bean 分为普通的java bean和spring的bean两种。
1)通过spring的配置文件或者注解,在进程启动时由spring对其初始化、并最终最终放到spring容器中,这就是spring的bean,否则就是java bean。
2)如果是spring的bean,那么在代码中直接getbean("beanname")使用即可;如果是普通的java bean 使用时直接 new,产生一个实例即可。
一、下面举一个spring bean进行依赖注入的最简单例子:
1、service接口和类:
1)demoService接口和实现类:
public interface IDemoService {
public String sayHello(String a);
}
实现类:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class DemoService implements IDemoService {
@Autowired
private ITestService testService;
@Override
public String sayHello(String a) {
System.out.println(testService.test("test"));
return "hello"+a;
}
}
说明:该service实现类中又使用注解(@AutoWired)依赖注入了另一个spring bean ITestService
public interface ITestService {
public String test(String test);
}
实现类:
@Service
public class TestService implements ITestService {
@Override
public String test(String test) {
return "test:"+test;
}
}
2、pom.xml文件:
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>
3、application.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 注解方式的aop
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/> -->
<task:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service" />
<!-- 自动搜索Sping的注解类-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.eud.nuc" >
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
4、测试程序:
public class App {
private static ApplicationContext ac;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "classpath:application.xml"});
IDemoService demoService = (IDemoService)ac.getBean("demoService");
System.out.println(demoService.sayHello(" sfsd"));
}
}
5、说明:
1)在App主类中,只能通过ac.getBean()的方式获取demoService 的spring bean来使用;下面这种方式使用是错误的。
@Service
public class App{
@Autowired
private IDemoService demoService;
private static ApplicationContext ac;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "classpath:application.xml"});
}
private void test() {
demoService.sayHello("sss:");
}
}
2)除了使用上面注解的方式去注入,也可以使用配置文件的方式来实现:
去掉TestService实现类的注解,
public class TestService implements ITestService {
@Override
public String test(String test) {
return "test:"+test;
}
}
在application.xml中添加:
<bean class="cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service.TestService" />
二、使用代理的方式完成spring bean的注入:
1、service类:
1)demoService接口和实现类:
public interface IDemoService {
public String sayHello(String a);
}
实现类:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class DemoService implements IDemoService {
@Autowired
private ITestService testService;
@Override
public String sayHello(String a) {
System.out.println(testService.test("test"));
return "hello"+a;
}
}
说明:该service实现类中又使用注解(@AutoWired)依赖注入了另一个spring bean ITestService
2)TestService接口和实现类:
public interface ITestService {
public String test(String test);
}
这个接口没有实现类,下面我们使用一个动态代理类来代理这个接口(底层代理类会实现该接口),并将这个动态代理类注入到spring容器中,并初始化,然后注入到DemoService中。
2、代理类:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service.ITestService;
@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes" })
public class ServiceProxy implements FactoryBean,InitializingBean{
private Object proxyClient;
private Class<?> objectClass;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
final ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
objectClass = classLoader.loadClass("cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service.ITestService");
proxyClient = Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[] { objectClass }, new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
try {
Class<ITestService> testClass = (Class<ITestService>)classLoader.loadClass("cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service.TestService");
ITestService newInstance = testClass.newInstance();
System.out.println("proxy:"+newInstance.test("a"));
return method.invoke(newInstance, args);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw e;
}
}
});
}
@Override
public Object getObject() throws Exception {
return proxyClient;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return objectClass;
}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
1)说明:
这个类首先实现了InitializingBean接口,目的是spring在加载这个类(通过application.xml配置文件)的时候调用afterPropertiesSet() 方法来实现代理类的创建;其次,该类也实现了FactoryBean接口,目的是供spring注入的时候返回正确的bean类型。
package cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service;
public class TestService implements ITestService {
@Override
public String test(String test) {
return "test:"+test;
}
}
3、application.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 注解方式的aop
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/> -->
<task:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.service" />
<!-- 自动搜索Sping的注解类-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.eud.nuc" >
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<bean class="cn.eud.nuc.archiveTest.ServiceProxy" />
</beans>
4、测试类:同上
5、说明:
spring在依赖注入的时候,需要找到@autoWired接口的实现类去注入。上面两个实例中,
1)第一种:将一个接口的实现类注册到spring容器中,spring自动去进行依赖注入(也是spring推荐正规的方式),
2)第二种:使用了一个自定义代理类,在代理类找到接口然后动态代理这个接口,然后将代理类交给spring去管理,这样代理类就相当于实现了该接口的一个类,并注入到DemoService中去使用