关于pthread_rwlock_t读写锁产生死锁的情况

对于pthread_rwlock_t读写锁：
一个线程持有着写锁，又去加（该锁的）读锁，可能会产生死锁。
一个线程持有着（读或者写）锁，又去加（该锁的）写锁，可能会产生死锁。
此时pthread_rwlock_rdlock和pthread_rwlock_wrlock会返回EDEADLK，加锁失败。

pthread_rwlock_rdlock：If a writer holds the lock, the calling thread shall not acquire the read lock. The calling thread may deadlock if at the time the call is made it holds a write lock.

pthread_rwlock_wrlock：The calling thread may deadlock if at the time the call is made it holds the read-write lock (whether a read or write lock).

另外pthread_rwlock_rdlock还可能返回EAGAIN，意为读锁已达上限。除此之外，两个函数不会返回其他错误了。

如果不检查pthread_rwlock_rdlock和pthread_rwlock_wrlock的返回值，就认为返回后就拿到了锁，会产生未定义后果，比如：

printf("EDEADLK is %d\n", EDEADLK);
printf("EAGAIN is %d\n", EAGAIN);

int ret = 0;
pthread_rwlock_t lock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER;
ret = pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&lock);
printf("wrlock return value is %d\n", ret);
ret = pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&lock); //加锁失败!
printf("rdlock return value is %d\n", ret);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock); //本线程未加锁却解锁会产生未定义后果

ret = pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&lock);
printf("rdlock return value is %d\n", ret);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock);

这段代码看着可能很傻，但如果将写锁和读锁放到两个函数里，一个函数调用另一个函数，就比较容易发生了。
所以加锁的时候要判断下返回值，如果是EDEADLK，可以直接终止程序。