Java基础五：浅clone和深clone

一、概念

java里的clone分为：

A: 浅复制（浅克隆）: 浅复制仅仅复制所考虑的对象，还有复制对象里面的引用，而不复制它所引用的对象。

B: 深复制（深克隆）：深复制把要复制的对象所引用的对象和数组都复制了一遍。
Java中对象的克隆,为了获取对象的一份拷贝，我们可以利用Object类的clone()方法。必须要遵循下面三点

1.在派生类中覆盖基类的clone()方法，并声明为public【Object类中的clone()方法为protected的】。

2.在派生类中实现Cloneable接口。

3.在派生类的重写clone()方法，调用super.clone()。

Object类里的clone方法是浅复制（浅克隆）

二、例子

1.浅克隆

类1：

class Teacher {
    public int age;
    public String name;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


}

类2：

class Student implements Cloneable{

    public int age ;
    public String name;
    public Teacher teacher;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }


}

主类：

public class CloneTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //teacher对象将被clone出来的Student对象共享.
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setAge(40);
        teacher.setName("Teacher zhang");

        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setAge(20);
        student1.setName("zhangsan");
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        //复制出来一个对象student2
        Student student2 = (Student)student1.clone();
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getName());


        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());


        //修改student2的引用对象
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(50);
        student2.getTeacher().setName("Teacher Li");

        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}

输出结果为：

20
zhangsan
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
40
Teacher zhang
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
50
Teacher Li

修改student2的teacher对象里面的age和name，发现student1的teacher的属性也发生改变，说明在clone的时候，只clone了student1中teacher对象的引用（存在栈中的），并没有clone teacher对象（存在堆中），所以student1和student2的teacher指向的是同一个对象。

2.深克隆

类1：

    public int age;
    public String name;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();


    }

}

类2：

class Student implements Cloneable{

    public int age ;
    public String name;
    public Teacher teacher;
    public int[] table;

    public void setTable(int[] table)
    {
        this.table = table;
    }

    public int[] getTable()
    {
        return this.table;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student student = (Student)super.clone();
        //将引用的对象teacher也clone下
        student.setTeacher((Teacher)(student.getTeacher().clone()));
        //将数组也clone一下
        student.setTable(getTable().clone());
        return student;
    }
}

主类：

//深clone
public class DeepCloneTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //teacher对象将不被clone出来的Student对象共享.
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setAge(40);
        teacher.setName("Teacher zhang");

        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setAge(20);
        student1.setName("zhangsan");
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        //复制出来一个对象student2
        Student student2 = (Student)student1.clone();
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getName());


        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());


        //修改student2的引用对象
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(50);
        student2.getTeacher().setName("Teacher Li");

        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}

输出结果为：

20
zhangsan
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
40
Teacher zhang
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
40
Teacher zhang

三、利用序列化做深clone

利用序列化来做深复制,把对象写到流里的过程是序列化（Serilization）过程，而把对象从流中读出来的过程则叫做反序列化（Deserialization）过程。应当指出的是，写在流里的是对象的一个拷贝，而原对象仍然存在于JVM里面。，利用这个特性，可以做深拷贝
类1：

class Teacher implements Serializable{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8834559347461591191L;

    public int age;
    public String name;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

类2：

class Student implements Serializable{

    //serialVersionUID 如果你的对象序列化后存到硬盘上面后，可是后来你却更改了类的field(增加或减少或改名)，当你反序列化时，就会出现Exception的，这样就会造成不兼容性的问题。 
    //但当serialVersionUID相同时，它就会将不一样的field以type的缺省值赋值(如int型的是0,String型的是null等)，这个可以避开不兼容性的问题。所以最好给serialVersionUID赋值
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7991552226614088458L;

    public int age ;
    public String name;
    public Teacher teacher;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    public Object deepCopy() throws Exception{
        //将该对象序列化成流,因为写在流里的是对象的一个拷贝，而原对象仍然存在于JVM里面。所以利用这个特性可以实现对象的深拷贝
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);

        oos.writeObject(this);

        //将流序列化成对象
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());

        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);

        return ois.readObject();
    }


}

主类：

//利用序列化来做深复制
//深clone
public class DeepCloneTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //teacher对象将不被clone出来的Student对象共享.
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setAge(40);
        teacher.setName("Teacher zhang");

        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setAge(20);
        student1.setName("zhangsan");
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        //复制出来一个对象student2
        Student student2 = (Student)student1.deepCopy();
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getName());


        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());


        //修改student2的引用对象
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(50);
        student2.getTeacher().setName("Teacher Li");

        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}

输出结果为：

20
zhangsan
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
40
Teacher zhang
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
40
Teacher zhang