模板匹配（opencv2.4.11实现）

C++: void matchTemplate(InputArray image, InputArray templ, OutputArray result, intmethod)

OpenCV 提供了 6 种计算两幅图像相似度的方法。

1. 差值平方和匹配 CV_TM_SQDIFF
2. 标准化差值平方和匹配 CV_TM_SQDIFF_NORMED
3. 相关匹配 CV_TM_CCORR
4. 标准相关匹配 CV_TM_CCORR_NORMED
5. 相关匹配 CV_TM_CCOEFF
6. 标准相关匹配 CV_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED

/**

* @file MatchTemplate_Demo.cpp
* @brief Sample code to use the function MatchTemplate

* @author OpenCV team

*代码摘抄自opencv2.4.13官方源码

*/

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
/// Global Variables
bool use_mask;
Mat img;
Mat templ;
Mat mask;
Mat result;
const char* image_window = "Source Image";
const char* result_window = "Result window";
int match_method;
int max_Trackbar = 5;
/// Function Headers
void MatchingMethod( int, void* );
/**
* @function main
*/
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
       /// Load image and template
       img = imread("Image.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
     templ = imread("Template.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR );
     if(img.empty() || templ.empty())
     {
         cout << "Can't read one of the images" << endl;
         return -1;
     }
     /// Create windows
     namedWindow( image_window, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
     namedWindow( result_window, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
     /// Create Trackbar
     const char* trackbar_label = "Method: \n 0: SQDIFF \n 1: SQDIFF NORMED \n 2: TM CCORR \n3: TM CCORR  NORMED \n 4: TM COEFF \n 5: TM COEFF NORMED";
     createTrackbar( trackbar_label, image_window, &match_method, max_Trackbar, MatchingMethod );
     MatchingMethod( 0, 0 );
     waitKey(0);
     return 0;
}
/**
* @function MatchingMethod
* @brief Trackbar callback
*/
void MatchingMethod( int, void* )
{
    /// Source image to display
    Mat img_display;
    img.copyTo( img_display );
    /// Create the result matrix
    int result_cols = img.cols - templ.cols + 1;
    int result_rows = img.rows - templ.rows + 1;
    result.create( result_rows, result_cols, CV_32FC1);
    // Do the Matching and Normalize
    bool method_accepts_mask = (TM_SQDIFF== match_method || match_method ==TM_CCORR_NORMED);
    if (use_mask && method_accepts_mask)
    { 
        //matchTemplate( img, templ, result, match_method, mask);    //opencv2.4.13版函数
        matchTemplate( img, templ, result, match_method);
    }
    	else
    	{
        matchTemplate( img, templ, result, match_method);
     }
      normalize( result, result, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() ); //标准化
     // Localizing the best match with minMaxLoc
     double minVal; double maxVal; Point minLoc; Point maxLoc;
     Point matchLoc;
     minMaxLoc( result, &minVal, &maxVal, &minLoc, &maxLoc, Mat() ); //查找数组中全局最小和最大的值

     // For SQDIFF and SQDIFF_NORMED, the best matches are lower values. For all the other methods,
              the higher the better
     if( match_method == TM_SQDIFF || match_method == TM_CCORR_NORMED )
     { matchLoc = minLoc; }
     else
     { matchLoc = maxLoc; }
     // Show me what you got
     rectangle( img_display, matchLoc, Point( matchLoc.x + templ.cols , matchLoc.y + templ.rows ),Scalar::all(0), 2, 8, 0 );
     rectangle( result, matchLoc, Point( matchLoc.x + templ.cols , matchLoc.y + templ.rows ),Scalar::all(0), 2, 8, 0 );
     imshow( image_window, img_display );
     imshow( result_window, result );
     return;
}

原图和模板图像如下：

              

处理效果图如下：