文章目录
1.需求
假如你想申请加工资,需要向上级部门申请。如你先向经理申请,经理没权利,然后向总监上报,总监也没权
限,最后向总经理上报。将这段场景用代码实现
2.代码版本1.0
2.1 申请类
//申请
public class Request {
//申请类别
private String requestType;
//申请内容
private String requestContent;
//数量
private int number;
public String getRequestType() {
return requestType;
}
public void setRequestType(String requestType) {
this.requestType = requestType;
}
public String getRequestContent() {
return requestContent;
}
public void setRequestContent(String requestContent) {
this.requestContent = requestContent;
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
}
2.2 管理者类
public class Manager {
protected String name;
public Manager(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public void getResult(String managerLevel,Request request){
if (managerLevel=="经理"){
if (request.getRequestType()=="请假"&&request.getNumber()<=2){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,被批准");
}else{
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,我无权处理");
}
}else if(managerLevel=="总监"){
if (request.getRequestType()=="请假"&&request.getNumber()<=5){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,被批准");
}else{
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,我无权处理");
}
}else if(managerLevel=="总经理"){
if (request.getRequestType()=="请假"){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,被批准");
}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()<=5000){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"元,被批准");
}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()>5000){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"元,再说吧");
}
}
}
}
2.3 客户端代码
Manager manager = new Manager("经理");
Manager director = new Manager("总监");
Manager generalManager = new Manager("总经理");
Request request = new Request();
request.setRequestType("加薪");
request.setRequestContent("小菜请求加薪");
request.setNumber(10000);
manager.getResult("经理",request);
director.getResult("总监",request);
generalManager.getResult("总经理",request);
Request request2 = new Request();
request2.setRequestType("请假");
request2.setRequestContent("小菜请假");
request2.setNumber(3);
manager.getResult("经理",request2);
director.getResult("总监",request2);
generalManager.getResult("总经理",request2);
2.4结果
经理:小菜请求加薪 数量:10000天,我无权处理
总监:小菜请求加薪 数量:10000天,我无权处理
总经理:小菜请求加薪 数量:10000元,再说吧
经理:小菜请假 数量:3天,我无权处理
总监:小菜请假 数量:3天,被批准
总经理:小菜请假 数量:3天,被批准
2.5 弊端
- 管理者类中太多判断分支
- 管理者类承担了太多的责任,违背了单一职责原则;增加新的管理类别,需要修
改这个类,违背了开放-封闭原则
3.职责链模式
3.1概念
职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility):使多个对象都有机会处理请求,从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这个对象连成一条链,并沿着这条链传递该请求,直到有一个对象处理它为止。
3.2UML类图
3.3案例代码
3.3.1 Handler类
Handler类,定义一个处理请示的接口。
public abstract class Handler {
protected Handler successor;
//设置继任者
public void setSuccessor(Handler successor){
this.successor = successor;
}
public abstract void handleRequest(int request);
}
3.3.2 ConcreteHandler类
ConcreteHandler类,具体处理者类,处理它所负责的请求,可访问它的后继者,如果可处理该请求,就处理之,否则就将该请求转发给它的后继者。
public class ConcreteHandler1 extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleRequest(int request) {
if (request>=0 && request<10){
System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+"处理请求"+request);
}else if (successor!=null){
successor.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
public class ConcreteHandler2 extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleRequest(int request) {
if (request>=10 && request<20){
System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+"处理请求"+request);
}else if (successor!=null){
successor.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
public class ConcreteHandler3 extends Handler{
@Override
public void handleRequest(int request) {
if (request>=20 && request<30){
System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+"处理请求"+request);
}else if (successor!=null){
successor.handleRequest(request);
}
}
}
3.3.3 客户端代码
Handler h1 = new ConcreteHandler1();
Handler h2 = new ConcreteHandler2();
Handler h3 = new ConcreteHandler3();
//设置继任者
h1.setSuccessor(h2);
h2.setSuccessor(h3);
int[] requests = {2,5,14,22,18,3,27,20};
for (int request : requests) {
h1.handleRequest(request);
}
3.4职责链模式好处
- 当客户提交一个请求时,请求是沿链传递直至有一个ConcreteHandler对象负责处理它,这就使得接收者和发送者都没有对方的明确信息,且链中的对象自己也并不知道链的结构。结果是职责链可简化对象的相互连接,它们仅需保持一个指向其后继者的引用,而不需保持它所有的候选接受者的引用。
- 随时地增加或修改处理一个请求的结构。增强了给对象指派职责的灵活性。
注意:,一个请求极有可能到了链的末端都得不到处理,或者因为没有正确配置而得不到处理。
4.代码版本2.0(职责链模式实现)
4.1UML类图
4.2 管理者抽象类和管理者子类
public abstract class Manager {
protected String name;
public Manager(String name){
this.name = name;
}
//设置管理上级
protected Manager superior;
public void setSuperior(Manager superior){
this.superior = superior;
}
//请求申请
public abstract void requestApplications(Request request);
}
public class CommonManager extends Manager{
public CommonManager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void requestApplications(Request request) {
if (request.getRequestType()=="请假"&& request.getNumber()<=2){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,被批准");
}else{
if (this.superior!=null){
this.superior.requestApplications(request);
}
}
}
}
public class Director extends Manager{
public Director(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void requestApplications(Request request) {
if (request.getRequestType()=="请假"&& request.getNumber()<=5){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,被批准");
}else{
if (this.superior!=null){
this.superior.requestApplications(request);
}
}
}
}
public class GeneralManager extends Manager{
public GeneralManager(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void requestApplications(Request request) {
if (request.getRequestType()=="请假"){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"天,被批准");
}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()<=5000){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"元,被批准");
}else if(request.getRequestType()=="加薪"&&request.getNumber()>5000){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestContent()+" 数量:"+request.getNumber()+"元,再说吧");
}
}
}
4.3 客户端代码
CommonManager manager = new CommonManager("经理");
Director director = new Director("总监");
GeneralManager generalManager = new GeneralManager("总经理");
manager.setSuperior(director);
director.setSuperior(generalManager);
Request request1 = new Request();
request1.setRequestType("请假");
request1.setRequestContent("小菜请假");
request1.setNumber(1);
manager.requestApplications(request1);
Request request2 = new Request();
request2.setRequestType("请假");
request2.setRequestContent("小菜请假");
request2.setNumber(1);
manager.requestApplications(request2);
Request request3 = new Request();
request3.setRequestType("加薪");
request3.setRequestContent("小菜请求加薪");
request3.setNumber(5000);
manager.requestApplications(request3);
Request request4 = new Request();
request4.setRequestType("加薪");
request4.setRequestContent("小菜请求加薪");
request4.setNumber(10000);
manager.requestApplications(request4);
4.4 结果
经理:小菜请假 数量:1天,被批准
经理:小菜请假 数量:1天,被批准
总经理:小菜请求加薪 数量:5000元,被批准
总经理:小菜请求加薪 数量:10000元,再说吧