设计模式的 C++ 实现---抽象工厂模式(一)

前文回顾
单例模式(一)
单例模式(二)
观察者模式
简单工厂模式
工厂方法模式(一)
工厂方法模式(二)

前言

工厂方法模式中一个工厂只负责生产一种产品，在抽象工厂模式中一个工厂可以生产一系列的产品。

实现举例

1. 场景描述
   假设一个简单的数据管理系统：有两个 Student (学生表）和 Grades(分数）两个对象表，一般对于一个对象表需要提供了对数据库操作(增、删、改、查)的类，然而在使用过程中数据库是可能进行更换的，比如 Access 切换到 Oracel。
2. 产品类
   ①．Student 类

class Student
{
public:
    Student(){}
};

②．Grades类

class Grades
{
public:
    Grades(){}
};

3. 数据库操作抽象基类
   ①．StudentHelper 类

#include "student.h"

class StudentHelper
{
public:
    StudentHelper(){};
    virtual void saveStudent(const Student &) = 0;
    virtual Student getStudent(int id)= 0;
    virtual ~StudentHelper() {}
};

②．GradesHelper 类

#include "grades.h"

class GradesHelper
{
public:
    GradesHelper(){}
    virtual void saveGrades(const Grades &) = 0;
    virtual Grades getGrades(int id) = 0;
    virtual ~GradesHelper(){}
};

6. 数据库操作派生类
   ①．StudentHelperAccess 类

#include <iostream>
#include "studenthelper.h"
using namespace std;
class StudentHelperAccess : public StudentHelper
{
public:
    StudentHelperAccess(){}
    void saveStudent(const Student &) override
    {
        cout << "使用 Access 数据库保存一个 Student 对象"<<endl;
    }
    Student getStudent(int id) override
    {
        cout << "从 Access 数据库查询一个 Student 对象"<<endl;
    }
};

②．StudentHelperOracel 类

#include <iostream>
#include "studenthelper.h"
using namespace std;

class StudentHelperOracel : public StudentHelper
{
public:
    StudentHelperOracel(){}
    void saveStudent(const Student &) override
    {
        cout << "使用 Oracel 数据库保存一个 Student 对象"<<endl;
    }
    Student getStudent(int id) override
    {
        cout << "从 Oracel 数据库查询一个 Student 对象"<<endl;
    }
};

③．GradesHelperAccess 类

#include <iostream>
#include "gradeshelper.h"
using namespace std;
class GradesHelperAccess : public GradesHelper
{
public:
    GradesHelperAccess(){}
    void saveGrades(const Grades &) override
    {
        cout << "使用 Access 数据库保存一个 Grades 对象"<<endl;
    }
    Grades getGrades(int id) override
    {
        cout << "从 Access 数据库查询一个 Grades 对象"<<endl;
    }
};

④．GradesHelperOracel 类

#include <iostream>
#include "gradeshelper.h"
using namespace std;

class GradesHelperOracel : public GradesHelper
{
public:
    GradesHelperOracel(){}
    void saveGrades(const Grades &) override
    {
        cout << "使用 Oracel 数据库保存一个 Grades 对象"<<endl;
    }
    Grades getGrades(int id) override
    {
        cout << "从 Oracel 数据库查询一个 Grades 对象"<<endl;
    }
};

4. 工厂抽象基类

#include "studenthelper.h"
#include "gradeshelper.h"

class DbHelper
{
public:
    DbHelper(){}
    virtual ~DbHelper(){}
    virtual StudentHelper * createStudentHelper() =0;
    virtual GradesHelper * createGradesHelper() = 0;

};

5. 工厂派生类
   ①．DbHelperAccess 类

#include "dbhelper.h"
#include "studenthelperaccess.h"
#include "gradeshelperaccess.h"
class DbHelperAccess : public DbHelper
{
public:
    DbHelperAccess(){}
    StudentHelper * createStudentHelper() override
    {
        return new StudentHelperAccess();
    }
    GradesHelper * createGradesHelper() override
    {
        return new GradesHelperAccess();
    }
};

②．DbHelperOracel类

#include "dbhelper.h"
#include "studenthelperoracel.h"
#include "gradeshelperoracel.h"

class DbHelperOracel : public DbHelper
{
public:
    DbHelperOracel(){}
    StudentHelper * createStudentHelper() override
    {
        return  new StudentHelperOracel ();
    }
    GradesHelper * createGradesHelper() override
    {
        return new GradesHelperOracel ();
    }
};

6. 客户端调用

#include "student.h"
#include "grades.h"
#include "dbhelperaccess.h"
#include "dbhelperoracel.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    //创建工厂类，若需要更换数据库，仅改这一处即可
    DbHelper *dbhelper = new DbHelperAccess ();

    cout << "*****对 Student 的操作*****"<<endl;
    Student student1;
    StudentHelper * studenthelper = dbhelper->createStudentHelper();
    studenthelper->saveStudent(student1);
    studenthelper->getStudent(0);

    cout << "*****对 Grades 的操作*****"<<endl;
    Grades grades1;
    GradesHelper * gradeshelper = dbhelper->createGradesHelper();
    gradeshelper->saveGrades(grades1);
    gradeshelper->getGrades(0);

    delete gradeshelper;
    delete studenthelper;
    delete dbhelper;

    return a.exec();
}