Linux 内核解读之Boot-- -bootsect

Linux 内核解读之Boot-- -bootsect

linux bootsect的作用于结构图如下

*以下文章是对linux低版本的理解与分享，参考到来自多方面的文章和自己作为一个coder的心得.

Linux 内核的结构模式是一种操作系统的经典模式，从系统加载开始我们就会用bootsect来把image
加载进内存，其实我们在涉及相关的系统设计时，往往可以看到系统有loader,booter,bootloader之类的东西，
这是一种模式，booter里面可以做很多东西，比如image通过压缩，把文件信息缩小，在加载到memory时
解压可以减少flash的容量需要，也可以加入高级安全之类的验证信息，同时在booter阶段起来就开始做
系统与外部设备的检测也可大量缩减测试时间.

*现在我们开始走进linux的bootsect.s之前

1，需要理解AT&T 汇编

说到汇编，估计80X86的汇编算是比较难的了，相对单片机，ARM MIPS等汇编来说。
而且涉及到AT&T汇编还看起来有点不一样

2，需要理解BIOS

BIOS的原意是"Basic Input Output System“,即基本输入输出系统，其实就是一个主板的片上系统，起机的
时候从ROM里面开始跑起，跑完后再开始跑bootsect

*现在我们开始走进linux的bootsect.s

bootsect程序流程图如下:

(待续)

! ! SYS_SIZE is the number of clicks (16 bytes) to be loaded. ! 0x3000 is 0x30000 bytes = 196kB, more than enough for current ! versions of linux ! SYSSIZE = 0x3000 ! !	bootsect.s		(C) 1991 Linus Torvalds ! ! bootsect.s is loaded at 0x7c00 by the bios-startup routines, and moves ! iself out of the way to address 0x90000, and jumps there. ! ! It then loads 'setup' directly after itself (0x90200), and the system ! at 0x10000, using BIOS interrupts. ! ! NOTE! currently system is at most 8*65536 bytes long. This should be no ! problem, even in the future. I want to keep it simple. This 512 kB ! kernel size should be enough, especially as this doesn't contain the ! buffer cache as in minix ! ! The loader has been made as simple as possible, and continuos ! read errors will result in a unbreakable loop. Reboot by hand. It ! loads pretty fast by getting whole sectors at a time whenever possible.
.globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss .text begtext: .data begdata: .bss begbss: .text
SETUPLEN = 4				! nr of setup-sectors BOOTSEG  = 0x07c0			! original address of boot-sector INITSEG  = 0x9000			! we move boot here - out of the way SETUPSEG = 0x9020			! setup starts here SYSSEG   = 0x1000			! system loaded at 0x10000 (65536). ENDSEG   = SYSSEG + SYSSIZE		! where to stop loading
! ROOT_DEV:	0x000 - same type of floppy as boot. !		0x301 - first partition on first drive etc ROOT_DEV = 0x306
entry start start: mov	ax,#BOOTSEG
	mov	ds,ax
	mov	ax,#INITSEG
	mov	es,ax
	mov	cx,#256
	sub	si,si
	sub	di,di
	rep
	movw
	jmpi	go,INITSEG go:	mov	ax,cs mov	ds,ax
	mov	es,ax ! put stack at 0x9ff00. mov	ss,ax
	mov	sp,#0xFF00		! arbitrary value >>512
! load the setup-sectors directly after the bootblock. ! Note that 'es' is already set up.
load_setup: mov	dx,#0x0000		! drive 0, head 0
	mov	cx,#0x0002		! sector 2, track 0
	mov	bx,#0x0200		! address = 512, in INITSEG
	mov	ax,#0x0200+SETUPLEN	! service 2, nr of sectors
	int	0x13			! read it
	jnc	ok_load_setup		! ok - continue
	mov	dx,#0x0000
	mov	ax,#0x0000		! reset the diskette
	int	0x13
	j	load_setup
ok_load_setup:
! Get disk drive parameters, specifically nr of sectors/track
	mov	dl,#0x00
	mov	ax,#0x0800		! AH=8 is get drive parameters
	int	0x13
	mov	ch,#0x00
	seg cs
	mov	sectors,cx
	mov	ax,#INITSEG
	mov	es,ax
! Print some inane message
	mov	ah,#0x03		! read cursor pos
	xor	bh,bh
	int	0x10
	mov	cx,#24
	mov	bx,#0x0007		! page 0, attribute 7 (normal)
	mov	bp,#msg1
	mov	ax,#0x1301		! write string, move cursor
	int	0x10
! ok, we've written the message, now ! we want to load the system (at 0x10000)
	mov	ax,#SYSSEG
	mov	es,ax		! segment of 0x010000
	call	read_it
	call	kill_motor
! After that we check which root-device to use. If the device is ! defined (!= 0), nothing is done and the given device is used. ! Otherwise, either /dev/PS0 (2,28) or /dev/at0 (2,8), depending ! on the number of sectors that the BIOS reports currently.
	seg cs
	mov	ax,root_dev
	cmp	ax,#0
	jne	root_defined
	seg cs
	mov	bx,sectors
	mov	ax,#0x0208		! /dev/ps0 - 1.2Mb
	cmp	bx,#15
	je	root_defined
	mov	ax,#0x021c		! /dev/PS0 - 1.44Mb
	cmp	bx,#18
	je	root_defined undef_root: jmp undef_root root_defined: seg cs
	mov	root_dev,ax
! after that (everyting loaded), we jump to ! the setup-routine loaded directly after ! the bootblock:
	jmpi	0,SETUPSEG
! This routine loads the system at address 0x10000, making sure ! no 64kB boundaries are crossed. We try to load it as fast as ! possible, loading whole tracks whenever we can. ! ! in:	es - starting address segment (normally 0x1000) ! sread:	.word 1+SETUPLEN	! sectors read of current track head:	.word 0			! current head track:	.word 0			! current track
read_it: mov ax,es
	test ax,#0x0fff die:	jne die			! es must be at 64kB boundary xor bx,bx		! bx is starting address within segment rp_read: mov ax,es
	cmp ax,#ENDSEG		! have we loaded all yet?
	jb ok1_read
	ret ok1_read: seg cs
	mov ax,sectors
	sub ax,sread
	mov cx,ax
	shl cx,#9
	add cx,bx
	jnc ok2_read
	je ok2_read
	xor ax,ax
	sub ax,bx
	shr ax,#9 ok2_read: call read_track
	mov cx,ax
	add ax,sread
	seg cs
	cmp ax,sectors
	jne ok3_read
	mov ax,#1
	sub ax,head
	jne ok4_read
	inc track ok4_read: mov head,ax
	xor ax,ax ok3_read: mov sread,ax
	shl cx,#9
	add bx,cx
	jnc rp_read
	mov ax,es
	add ax,#0x1000
	mov es,ax
	xor bx,bx
	jmp rp_read
read_track: push ax
	push bx
	push cx
	push dx
	mov dx,track
	mov cx,sread
	inc cx
	mov ch,dl
	mov dx,head
	mov dh,dl
	mov dl,#0
	and dx,#0x0100
	mov ah,#2
	int 0x13
	jc bad_rt
	pop dx
	pop cx
	pop bx
	pop ax
	ret bad_rt:	mov ax,#0 mov dx,#0
	int 0x13
	pop dx
	pop cx
	pop bx
	pop ax
	jmp read_track
/*
 * This procedure turns off the floppy drive motor, so
 * that we enter the kernel in a known state, and
 * don't have to worry about it later.
 */ kill_motor: push dx
	mov dx,#0x3f2
	mov al,#0
	outb
	pop dx
	ret
sectors: .word 0
msg1: .byte 13,10
	.ascii "Loading system ..."
	.byte 13,10,13,10
.org 508 root_dev: .word ROOT_DEV boot_flag: .word 0xAA55
.text endtext: .data enddata: .bss endbss: