Dubbo

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-23 17:34:46 发布

ljf8838

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-23 17:34:46 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ljf12138/article/details/103612258

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概述

Apache Dubbo (incubating) |ˈdʌbəʊ| 是一款高性能、轻量级的开源 Java RPC 框架，它提供了三大核心能力：面向接口的远程方法调用，智能容错和负载均衡，以及服务自动注册和发现。
Dubbo 是一个分布式服务框架，致力于提供高性能和透明化的 RPC 远程服务调用方案、服务治理方案。
官网：http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/

特性：

面向接口代理的高性能RPC调用
智能负载均衡
服务自动注册与发现
高度可扩展能力
运行期流量调度
可视化的服务治理与运维

基本架构

在这里插入图片描述

协议

dubbo是框架，也是协议，它支持多种协议：dubbo , hessian , rmi , http, webservice , thrift , memcached , redis。
dubbo 官方推荐使用 dubbo 协议。dubbo 协议默认端口 20880

dubbo直连方式

直连就是直接关联呗，提供者与消费者直接沟通，没有注册中心。消费者必须指定服务提供者的访问地址url。

案例

分布式对象在网上传输一定需要序列化，实现serializable接口
提供者
依赖文件：pom.xml

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!--JDK1.8编译插件-->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

//实体类：订单类
//重点：使用dubbe，实体类必须序列化
public class Order implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String goodsName;
    private Double price;
    private String amount;
	//不是必须的，目的是方便查看order对象是否已经赋值
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", goodsName='" + goodsName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", amount='" + amount + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Order() {
    }
	//不是必须的，只是为了方便赋值
    public Order(String id, String goodsName, Double price, String amount) {
        this.id = id;
        this.goodsName = goodsName;
        this.price = price;
        this.amount = amount;
    }
   //代码太多，此处省略set/get方法
}
//接口：订单接口
public interface OrderService {
    Order addOrder(String id,String goodsName,Double price,String amount);
}
//接口实现类：订单接口实现类
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Override
    public Order addOrder(String id, String goodsName, Double price, String amount) {
        Order order = new Order(id, goodsName, price, amount);
        return order;
    }
}

spring配置文件:orderprovider.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <dubbo:application name="link-order-provider"/>
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
    <dubbo:service interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" ref="orderServiceImpl" registry="N/A"/>
    
    <bean id="orderServiceImpl" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl" />
</beans>

测试类：测试是否可执行（这里可能出现找不到配置文件，target中找不到，解决：手动将配置文件拷贝到target/classes/路径下）

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("orderprovider.xml");
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) context).start();//将服务启动
        System.in.read();//一直读取配置文件，保持服务启动
    }
}

消费者
依赖文件：pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>01-link-provider</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!--JDK1.8编译插件-->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

//消费接口
public interface ShopService {
     Order buyGoods(String id,String goodsName,Double price ,String amount);//依赖中如果引入两遍提供者，会找不到Order类
}
//消费接口实现类
public class ShopServiceImpl implements ShopService {
    private OrderService orderService;

    public void setOrderService(OrderService orderService) {
        this.orderService = orderService;
    }

    @Override
    public Order buyGoods(String id, String goodsName, Double price, String amount) {
        Order order = orderService.addOrder(id, goodsName, price, amount);
        return order;
    }
}

spring配置文件：consumer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <dubbo:application name="link-consume-provider"/>
    <dubbo:reference id="remoteOrderService" interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" url="dubbo://localhost:20880" registry="N/A" />
    
    <bean id="shopService" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.ShopServiceImpl">
        <property name="orderService" ref="remoteOrderService"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类：先启动提供者服务，使其一直运行，在运行本测试类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("consumer.xml");
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) context).start();
        ShopService shopService = (ShopService) context.getBean("shopService");
        Order order = shopService.buyGoods("1", "小红帽", 2333.0, "6");
        System.out.println(order.toString());
    }
}

运行结果

Order{id='1', goodsName='小红帽', price=2333.0, amount='6'}

dubbo直连优化

使用分包，将服务接口，服务模型（公用实体类），服务异常等放在公共包中
服务接口尽可能大粒度，每个服务方法应该代表一个功能，而不是某一个步骤
每个接口都定义版本号，以区分同一接口的不同实现。
粒度可以理解为细化程度，细化程度越高，粒度越小；细化程度越低，粒度越大（还理解的不透彻…）

优化案例改造部分

公用包（服务接口，服务模型，服务异常等，这里没有配置文件）

//model层
//地址类：Address 类
public class Address implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String city;
    private String phone;
    private boolean use;
	//接下来就是生成set/get方法，太多就不写了
}
//订单类：Order 
public class Order implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String goodsName;
    private Double price;
    private String amount;

	//方便查看对象内容
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", goodsName='" + goodsName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", amount='" + amount + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Order() {
    }
	//为了方便给对象赋值
    public Order(String id, String goodsName, Double price, String amount) {
        this.id = id;
        this.goodsName = goodsName;
        this.price = price;
        this.amount = amount;
    }
	//然后需要生成set/get方法，这里略
}
//service层：接口
//订单接口：生成订单方法
public interface OrderService {
    Order addOrder(String id, String goodsName, Double price, String amount);
}
//用户接口：查询用户地址方法
public interface UserService {
    List<Address> queryAllAddress(String uid);
}

用户服务

依赖文件pom.xml

  <dependencies>
  	<!-- 这里引入公用包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
      <artifactId>03-node-interface</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

用户服务实现类UserServiceImpl

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public List<Address> queryAllAddress(String uid) {
        List<Address> list = new ArrayList<Address>();
        Address address = new Address();
        if (uid.equals("1")) {
            address.setId("1");
            address.setCity("北京");
            address.setName("第一笔消费");
            address.setPhone("13500000000");
            address.setUse(true);
            list.add(address);
        } else if (uid.equals("2")) {
            address.setId("2");
            address.setCity("上海");
            address.setName("第二笔消费");
            address.setPhone("13511111111");
            address.setUse(true);
            list.add(address);
        }
        return list;
    }
}

用户服务配置文件userservice.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <dubbo:application name="04-node-orderservice"/>
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20881" />
    <dubbo:service interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService" ref="userService" registry="N/A"/>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" />
</beans>

web.xml

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:userservice.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

订单服务

依赖文件pom.xml

    <dependencies>
  		<!-- 这里引入公用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>03-node-interface</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

订单服务实现类

public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Override
    public Order addOrder(String id, String goodsName, Double price, String amount) {
        Order order = new Order(id, goodsName, price, amount);
        return order;
    }
}

订单服务配置文件orderservice.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbe="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <dubbe:application name="05-node-customerservice" />
    <dubbe:protocol name="dubbo" port="20882" />
    <dubbe:service interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" ref="orderService" registry="N/A"/>

    <bean id="orderService" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl" />
</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:orderservice.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

购买服务与实现页面

依赖文件pom.xml

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
      <artifactId>03-node-interface</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Servlet、JSTL 依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

显示页面
商品页面index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + request.getContextPath() + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var URL_PREFIX="${pageContext.request.contextPath}";
    function buyGoods(userId,name,price,amount){
        window.location.href= URL_PREFIX +"/shop/buy?userId="+userId
            +"&name="+name
            +"&price="+price
            +"&amount="+amount;
    }
    function showAddress(userId){
        window.location.href= URL_PREFIX +"/shop/addresses?userId="+userId;
    }
</script>
<div style="margin-left:400px">
    <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="60%">
        <p>商品列表</p>
        <tr>
            <td>iphone11</td>
            <td>5000</td>
            <td>8</td>
            <td><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="buyGoods(1,'iphone11','5000','8')">购买</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>电视</td>
            <td>2000</td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="buyGoods(2,'电视','2000','2')">购买</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</div>
<div style="margin-left:450px">
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="showAddress(2)" >我的收件地址</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

生成订单页面view-order.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + request.getContextPath() + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>订单展示</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>您的订单已经生成：</h1>
<h3>订单编号：${order.id}</h3>
<h3>订单金额：${order.price}</h3>
<h3>商品名称：${order.goodsName}</h3>
<h3>商品数量：${order.amount}</h3>
</body>
</html>

收货地址页面view-address.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>展示地址</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>收货人地址如下：</h1>
<c:forEach items="${addressList}" var="address">
    <h3>收货人姓名：${address.name}</h3>
    <h3>收货人手机：${address.phone}</h3>
    <h3>收货人城市：${address.city}</h3>
    <h3>默认地址：${address.use}</h3>
    <div>---------------------------------</div>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>

请求控制器

@Controller
public class ShopController {
    @Autowired
    private ShopService shopService;
    @RequestMapping("/shop/buy")
    public String buy(Model model,String userId, String name, Double price, String amount) {
        Order order =  shopService.createOrder(userId, name, price, amount);
        model.addAttribute("order", order);
        return "view-order";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/shop/addresses")
    public String goAddress(Model model,String userId) {
        List<Address> list = shopService.showAddress(userId);
        model.addAttribute("addressList", list);
        return "view-address";
    }
}

业务层
接口ShopService

public interface ShopService {
    Order createOrder(String uid,String goodsName,Double price,String amount);
    List<Address> showAddress(String uid);
}

实现类ShopServiceImpl

public class ShopServiceImpl implements ShopService {
    OrderService orderService;
    UserService userService;
	//配置文件中为属性通过bean生成对象需要有set方法
    public void setOrderService(OrderService orderService) {
        this.orderService = orderService;
    }
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
    @Override
    public Order createOrder(String uid, String goodsName, Double price, String amount) {
        Order order = orderService.addOrder(uid, goodsName, price, amount);
        return order;
    }
    @Override
    public List<Address> showAddress(String uid) {
        List<Address> list = userService.queryAllAddress(uid);
        return list;
    }
}

模型层：货物类Goods

public class Goods implements Serializable {
    private String uid;
    private String goodsName;
    private Double price;
    private String amount;
	//生成set/get方法，此处略
}

配置文件
dispatcherServlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wkcto.dubbo.web"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
        <property name="prefix" value="/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>

shop-consumer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <dubbo:application name="06-node-shopservice" />
    <dubbo:reference id="remoteOrderService"
                     interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService"
                     url="dubbo://localhost:20882" registry="N/A" />
    <dubbo:reference id="remoteUserService"
                     interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService"
                     url="dubbo://localhost:20881" registry="N/A" />
    <bean class="com.wkcto.dubbo.web.service.impl.ShopServiceImpl">
        <property name="orderService" ref="remoteOrderService" />
        <property name="userService" ref="remoteUserService" />
    </bean>
</beans>

web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:dispatcherServlet.xml,classpath:shop-consumer.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

dubbo常用标签

<dubbo:application name=" 服务名 “/> 声明dubbo服务名
<dubbo:protocol name=“dubbo” port=“20880” /> 声明协议与端口号
<dubbo:service interface=“接口路径” ref=“实现类id” /> 声明服务接口与接口实现
<dubbo:registry address=“zookeeper://ip:2181” /> 声明注册中心
<dubbo:reference id=” " interface="" version=“设置版本号” /> 声明引用接口，提供给bean的property；版本号是在同一接口有多个实现类时使用区分

注册中心zookeeper

Dubbo 提供的注册中心

Multicast 注册中心：组播方式
Redis 注册中心：使用 Redis 作为注册中心
Simple 注册中心：就是一个 dubbo 服务。作为注册中心。提供查找服务的功能。
Zookeeper 注册中心：使用 Zookeeper 作为注册中心

Zookeeper

Zookeeper 是一个高性能的，分布式的，开放源码的分布式应用程序协调服务。简称zk。它存放着多个服务提供者的IP地址与端口号，它将服务提供者的地址进行统一的管理
官网下载地址: http://zookeeper.apache.org/

使用Zookeeper改造dubbo案例

在上面代码基础上只需修改配置文件即可
将每个模块的服务配置文件添加

<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" />

同时将标签dubbo:service与标签dubbo:reference中的registry属性去掉，改造完成
注意:

使用时一定先开启zookeeper服务，在安装目录中的bin目录下zkServer.cmd；Linux系统是zkServer.sh
安装后做如下修改
1. bin同级目录下新建data文件夹：Linux使用mkdir 文件名创建文件夹
2. 修改配置文件zoo.cfg(如果是zoo_sample.cfg,就拷一份修改)
第一步：将dataDir路径换成data文件夹所在路径：dataDir=D:\apache-zookeeper-3.5.6\data Linux切换到data目录下使用pwd查看路径
第二步：在clientPort的下一行添加admin.serverPort=8888

出现同一接口多个实现类解决

在标签dubbo:service 里面添加属性version写明版本号，使用标签dubbo:reference 时添加version ，表示引用的是具体的接口实现类
比如：


    <dubbo:application name="08-zk-customerservice" />
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" />
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20882" />
    <dubbo:service interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" ref="orderService" version="
1.0.0"/>
    <dubbo:service interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" ref="orderService2" version="
2.0.0"/>
    <bean id="orderService" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl" />
    <bean id="orderService2" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl" />

    <dubbo:application name="09-zk-shopservice" />
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" />
    <dubbo:reference id="remoteOrderService"
                     interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" version="1.0.0"/>
    <dubbo:reference id="remoteOrderService2"
                     interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.OrderService" version="2.0.0"/>
    <dubbo:reference id="remoteUserService"
                     interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService"/>
    <bean class="com.wkcto.dubbo.web.service.impl.ShopServiceImpl">
        <property name="orderService" ref="remoteOrderService" />
        <property name="orderService2" ref="remoteOrderService2" />
        <property name="userService" ref="remoteUserService" />
    </bean>

注册中心的高可用

概念：
高可用性（High Availability）：通常来描述一个系统经过专门的设计，从而减少不能提供服务的时间，而保持其服务的高度可用性。
Zookeeper 是高可用的，健壮的。Zookeeper 宕机，正在运行中的 dubbo 服务仍然可以正常访问。
健壮性
⚫ 监控中心宕掉不影响使用，只是丢失部分采样数据
⚫ 注册中心仍能通过缓存提供服务列表查询，但不能注册新服务
⚫ 服务提供者无状态，任意一台宕掉后，不影响使用
⚫ 服务提供者全部宕掉后，服务消费者应用将无法使用，并无限次重连等待服务提供者恢复
演示操作：

先启动 zookeeper, dubbo 服务提供者，dubbo 服务消费者。
测试正常访问
停止 zookeeper
测试消费者仍然可以访问提供者

监控中心

下载
下载监控中心：https://github.com/apache/incubator-dubbo-ops
这里下载的是源代码，需要手工编译才能使用。

2. 配置监控中心

修改配置 dubbo-admin-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar\BOOT-INF\classes\application-properties 文件：
在这里插入图片描述

3. 运行管理后台 dubbo-admin

到 dubbo-admin-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 所在的目录。执行下面命令:

java -jar dubbo-admin-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

4. 运行 dubbo-admin 应用

1）先启动注册中心
2）执行提供者项目
3） java -jar dubbo-admin-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 启动 dubbo 管理后台
4）在浏览器地址栏输入 http://localhost:7001 访问监控中心-控制台。
监控中心的数据来自注册中心（Zookeeper）（配置文件中的dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181）