C++实现的简易String类

糊钞梵

已于 2023-02-02 21:39:54 修改

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文章标签： c++ 开发语言 Powered by 金山文档

于 2023-02-01 19:00:06 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ljiijo/article/details/128838897

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要求：

使用C++仿照String类实现一个简易的my_string类

my_string的功能:

无参构造

有参构造

析构

拷贝构造

拷贝赋值

c_str

size

empty

append

算数运算符+

赋值运算符+=

下标运算符[]

关系运算符 >,<,==,!=,>=,<=

插入提取运算符 <<,>>

代码实现：

my_String.h

#ifndef MY_STRING_H
#define MY_STRING_H

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 500;

class my_String
{
private:
    char* data;
    int ssize;
    int now_capacity;
public:
    //无参构造
    my_String();
    //有参构造
    my_String(const char* str);
    //有参构造
    my_String(int n,char c);
    //析构
    ~my_String();
    //拷贝构造
    my_String(const my_String & other);
    //拷贝赋值
    my_String & operator=(const my_String & other);
    //拷贝赋值
    my_String & operator=(const char* str);
    //显示函数
    void show();
    //c风格字符串
    char* c_str();
    //大小
    int size();
    //清空
    bool empty();
    //at访问
    char& at(int x);
    //capacity
    int capacity();
    //compare
    int compare(const char* str);
    //append
    my_String & append(const char* str);
    //operator+
    my_String operator+(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator+=
    my_String & operator+=(const my_String &R);
    //operator[]
    char & operator[](const int x)const;
    //operator>
    bool operator>(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator<
    bool operator<(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator==
    bool operator==(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator!=
    bool operator!=(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator>=
    bool operator>=(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator<=
    bool operator<=(const my_String &R)const;
    //operator<<
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &L,const my_String &R);
    //operator>>
    friend istream & operator>>(istream &L,my_String &R);
};

#endif // MY_STRING_H

my_String.c

//#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include <my_String.h>

//using namespace std;

//无参构造
my_String::my_String():now_capacity(15){
    data = new char[now_capacity];
    data[0] = '0';
}
//有参构造
my_String::my_String(const char* str):now_capacity(15){
    ssize = strlen(str);
    if(ssize < now_capacity)
        data = new char [now_capacity];
    else{
        data = new char [ssize*2];
        now_capacity = ssize*2;
    }
    strcpy(data,str);
    cout << "有参构造" << endl;
}
//有参构造
my_String::my_String(int n,char c):now_capacity(15){
   ssize = n;
   if(n<now_capacity)
       data = new char[now_capacity];
   else{
       data = new char[ssize*2];
       now_capacity = ssize*2;
   }
   int i = 0;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        data[i]=c;
    data[i]='\0';
}
//析构
my_String::~my_String(){
    cout << this << "析构" << endl;
    delete []data;
    data = nullptr;
}
//拷贝构造
my_String::my_String(const my_String & other):ssize(other.ssize),now_capacity(15){
    this->ssize=  other.ssize;
    this->now_capacity = other.now_capacity;
    this->data = new char [this->now_capacity];
    strcpy(this->data,other.data);
    cout << "拷贝构造" << endl;
}
//拷贝赋值
my_String & my_String::operator=(const my_String & other){
    this->ssize=other.ssize;
    this->now_capacity = other.now_capacity;
    delete []data;
    this->data = new char [this->now_capacity];
    strcpy(this->data,other.data);
    return *this;
}
//显示函数
void my_String::show(){
    cout << data << endl;
}
//c风格字符串
char* my_String::c_str(){
    return data;
}
//大小
int my_String::size(){
    return ssize;
}
//判空
bool my_String::empty(){
   return ssize == 0;
}
//at访问
char& my_String::at(int x){
    if(x < 0 || x>ssize-1){
        cout << "越界访问" << endl;
        return data[-1];
    }
    return data[x];
}
//capacity
int my_String::capacity(){
    return now_capacity;
}
//compare
int my_String::compare(const char* str){
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep;
}

//append
my_String & my_String::append(const char* str){
   // cout << "data = " << data << endl;
    int cat_size  = strlen(str);
    if((ssize+cat_size)>=now_capacity)
        now_capacity = (ssize+cat_size)*2;
    char* temp = new char[now_capacity]{0};
    // cout << "data = " << data << endl;
    strcpy(temp,data);
    // cout << temp << endl;
    delete []data;
    strcat(temp,str);
    data = new char [now_capacity];
    strcpy(data,temp);
    delete []temp;
    return *this;
}
//operator+
my_String my_String::operator+(const my_String &R)const{
    int psize = strlen(R.data);
    my_String temp;
    temp.ssize = this->ssize+psize;
    if(temp.ssize>=now_capacity)
        temp.now_capacity = (this->ssize+psize)*2;
    temp.data = new char[temp.now_capacity];
    strcpy(temp.data,this->data);
    strcat(temp.data,R.data);
   // cout << "temp.data = " << temp.data << endl;
    return temp;
}
//operator+=
my_String & my_String::operator+=(const my_String &R){
    // cout << "data = " << data << endl;
    int cat_size  = R.ssize;
    if((ssize+cat_size)>=this->now_capacity)
        this->now_capacity = (ssize+cat_size)*2;
    char* temp = new char[this->now_capacity]{0};
    // cout << "data = " << data << endl;
    strcpy(temp,this->data);
    // cout << temp << endl;
    delete []this->data;
    strcat(temp,R.data);
    this->data = new char [this->now_capacity];
    strcpy(this->data,temp);
    delete []temp;
   // cout << this->data << endl;
    return *this;
}
//operator[]
char & my_String::operator[](const int x)const{
    return data[x];
}
//operator>
bool my_String::operator>(const my_String &R)const{
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    char *str = R.data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep>0;
}
//operator<
bool my_String::operator<(const my_String &R)const{
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    char *str = R.data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep<0;
}
//operator==
bool my_String::operator==(const my_String &R)const{
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    char *str = R.data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep==0;
}
//operator!=
bool my_String::operator!=(const my_String &R)const{
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    char *str = R.data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep!=0;
}
//operator>=
bool my_String::operator>=(const my_String &R)const{
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    char *str = R.data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep>=0;
}
//operator<=
bool my_String::operator<=(const my_String &R)const{
    int tep;
    char *temp = data;
    char *str = R.data;
    while((tep=*temp-*str)==0 && *temp!='\0')//当两个字符相减为0时，并且没有到最后'\0'，循环继续
    {
        temp++;//指针+1
        str++;//指针+1
    }
    return tep<=0;
}
//operator<<
ostream & operator<<(ostream &L,const my_String &R){
   L << R.data;
   return L;
}
//operator>>
istream & operator>>(istream &L,my_String &R){
    char *str = new char[MAX];
    L>>str;
    int t_size = strlen(str);
    R.ssize = t_size;
    if(t_size > R.now_capacity)
        R.now_capacity = t_size*2;
    delete []R.data;
    R.data = new char[R.now_capacity];
    strcpy(R.data,str);
    delete []str;
    return L;
}

main.c

//#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include <my_String.h>

//using namespace std;

int main()
{
    //append

    //operator+
    my_String s1 = "hello";
    my_String s2 = " world";
    //s1+s2; //success

    //oeprator+=
    my_String s3=s1;
    s3+=s2;
    s3.show();

    //operator[]
    s3[5]='X';
    s3.show();

    //operator>
    if(s1>s2)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1大"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1小"<<endl;

    if(s1<s2)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1小"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1大"<<endl;

    //oeprator==
    s3=s1;
    if(s1==s2)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"相等"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"不相等"<<endl;

    if(s1==s3)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"相等"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"不相等"<<endl;

    //oeprator!=
    s3=s1;
    if(s1!=s2)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<" 不相等"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"相等"<<endl;

    if(s1!=s3)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"不相等"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"相等"<<endl;

    //oeprator>=
    s3=s1;
    if(s1>=s2)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1>=s2"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1<s2"<<endl;

    if(s1>=s3)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1>=s3"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1<s3"<<endl;

    //oeprator<=
    s3=s1;
    if(s1<=s2)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1<=s2"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1>s2"<<endl;

    if(s1<=s3)
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1<=s3"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"line : "<<__LINE__<<":"<<"s1>s3"<<endl;

    //operator<<
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << " , s2 = " << s2 <<endl;

    //operator>>
    my_String s4;
    cin >> s1;
    s1.show();
    cout << s1.capacity() << endl;

    return 0;
}