Android Display 系统分析

Android Display 系统分析

大概两年前做过一个项目，大致是在Android 系统上实现双显的支持，其中有个需求是需要手动配置每个显示器的旋转角度，当时对Android 的 Display系统有关简单了解，但是不够深入。一直觉得是留下了一个遗憾，现在趁有时间来把这一块再好好了解下。闲话少说，开始吧。本文将按照以下方式来组织：

• Android Display 框架
• Android SurfaceFlinger中Display部分
• Android Framework 中Display 部分
  DisplayManagerService对display的管理
  WindowManagerService对Display的管理
• Android系统转屏问题

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Android Display 框架

Android中Display 框架如下：
![Android Display](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20161130214140525)
如上图所示，Android App除使用Android Presentation 外不需要特别了解Display的相关信息（）。而在linux kernel当中的MIPI/HDMI等相关显示设备的驱动也不在本文的讨论范围之列。所以本文讨论的重点在于图中的Android FW中的DisplayManagerService 部分与SurfaceFlinger部分。

Android SurfaceFlinger中的Display部分

从Android 启动开始，我们知道在Android的启动过程中，SurfaceFlinger会作为一个系统进程被Init进程启动，具体的相关信息可以研究Android启动的相关流程。
在SurfaceFlinger中其init函数会在SurfaceFlinger被初始化后被调用。

    void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
    ALOGI(  "SurfaceFlinger's main thread ready to run. "
            "Initializing graphics H/W...");

    Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);

    // initialize EGL for the default display
    mEGLDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
    eglInitialize(mEGLDisplay, NULL, NULL);

    // Initialize the H/W composer object.  There may or may not be an
    // actual hardware composer underneath.
    mHwc = new HWComposer(this,
            *static_cast<HWComposer::EventHandler *>(this));
    ..........
    ..........

我们可以看到在init函数中会创建一个HWComposer的对象。

HWComposer::HWComposer(
        const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger,
        EventHandler& handler)
    : mFlinger(flinger),
      mFbDev(0), mHwc(0), mNumDisplays(1),
      mCBContext(new cb_context),
      mEventHandler(handler),
      mDebugForceFakeVSync(false)
{
    ............
    .............
    // Note: some devices may insist that the FB HAL be opened before HWC.
    int fberr = loadFbHalModule();
    loadHwcModule();

    if (mFbDev && mHwc && hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_1)) {
        // close FB HAL if we don't needed it.
        // FIXME: this is temporary until we're not forced to open FB HAL
        // before HWC.
        framebuffer_close(mFbDev);
        mFbDev = NULL;
    }

    // If we have no HWC, or a pre-1.1 HWC, an FB dev is mandatory.
    if ((!mHwc || !hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_1))
            && !mFbDev) {
        ALOGE("ERROR: failed to open framebuffer (%s), aborting",
                strerror(-fberr));
        abort();
    }

    // these display IDs are always reserved
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAYS ; i++) {
        mAllocatedDisplayIDs.markBit(i);
    }

    if (mHwc) {
        ALOGI("Using %s version %u.%u", HWC_HARDWARE_COMPOSER,
              (hwcApiVersion(mHwc) >> 24) & 0xff,
              (hwcApiVersion(mHwc) >> 16) & 0xff);
        if (mHwc->registerProcs) {
            mCBContext->hwc = this;
            mCBContext->procs.invalidate = &hook_invalidate;
            mCBContext->procs.vsync = &hook_vsync;
            if (hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_1))
                mCBContext->procs.hotplug = &hook_hotplug;
            else
                mCBContext->procs.hotplug = NULL;
            memset(mCBContext->procs.zero, 0, sizeof(mCBContext->procs.zero));
            mHwc->registerProcs(mHwc, &mCBContext->procs);
        }

        // don't need a vsync thread if we have a hardware composer
        needVSyncThread = false;
        // always turn vsync off when we start
        eventControl(HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY, HWC_EVENT_VSYNC, 0);

        // the number of displays we actually have depends on the
        // hw composer version
        if (hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_3)) {
            // 1.3 adds support for virtual displays
            mNumDisplays = MAX_HWC_DISPLAYS;
        } else if (hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_1)) {
            // 1.1 adds support for multiple displays
            mNumDisplays = NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAYS;
        } else {
            mNumDisplays = 1;
        }
    }

    if (mFbDev) {
        //默认使用HWC设备，所以不会走FB分支
       ...............
       ...............
    } else if (mHwc) {
        // here we're guaranteed to have at least HWC 1.1
        // 查询系统相关显示设备。
        for (size_t i =0 ; i<NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAYS ; i++) {
            queryDisplayProperties(i);
        }
    }
}

上面代码的主要意思是打开HWC设备，然后根据HWC的相关版本定义最多支持的显示设备数量。HWC是Android新版本引入的新模块，我个人的理解是替换掉早期的OverLayer机制，提供出全新的使用硬件合成的功能。而在我们这个范畴里只考虑了其对Display设备的管理。

status_t HWComposer::queryDisplayProperties(int disp) {

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mHwc || !hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_1));

    // use zero as default value for unspecified attributes
    int32_t values[NUM_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTES - 1];
    memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));

    const size_t MAX_NUM_CONFIGS = 128;
    uint32_t configs[MAX_NUM_CONFIGS] = {
  0};
    size_t numConfigs = MAX_NUM_CONFIGS;
    status_t err = mHwc->getDisplayConfigs(mHwc, disp, configs, &numConfigs);
    if (err != NO_ERROR) {
        // this can happen if an unpluggable display is not connected
        mDisplayData[disp].connected = false;
        return err;
    }

    mDisplayData[disp].currentConfig = 0;
    for (size_t c = 0; c < numConfigs; ++c) {
        err = mHwc->getDisplayAttributes(mHwc, disp, configs[c],
                DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTES, values);
        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
            // we can't get this display's info. turn it off.
            mDisplayData[disp].connected = false;
            return err;
        }

        DisplayConfig config = DisplayConfig();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTES - 1; i++) {
            switch (DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTES[i]) {
                case HWC_DISPLAY_VSYNC_PERIOD:
                    config.refresh = nsecs_t(values[i]);
                    break;
                case HWC_DISPLAY_WIDTH:
                    config.width = values[i];
                    break;
                case HWC_DISPLAY_HEIGHT:
                    config.height = values[i];
                    break;
                case HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_X:
                    config.xdpi = values[i] / 1000.0f;
                    break;
                case HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_Y:
                    config.ydpi = values[i] / 1000.0f;