#懒汉模式引入
package single.lazysingleton;
public class LazySingletonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
LazySingleton instance1 = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance == instance1);
}
}
class LazySingleton{
private static LazySingleton instance;
private LazySingleton(){
}
public static LazySingleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
instance = new LazySingleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
上述代码在单线程模式下输出结果为true。
下面开两个线程测试多线程情况,sleep
package single.lazysingleton;
public class LazySingletonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
}
}
class LazySingleton{
private static LazySingleton instance;
private LazySingleton(){
}
public static LazySingleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
instance = new LazySingleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
上述代码输出不一样的地址值,通过将getinstance方法加S锁来保证单例,但加S锁损耗性能。
package single.lazysingleton;
public class LazySingletonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
}
}
class LazySingleton{
private static LazySingleton instance;
private LazySingleton(){
}
public synchronized static LazySingleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
instance = new LazySingleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
优化,当instance不为空的时候再加锁,避免了每次都加锁判断,资源损耗
package single.lazysingleton;
public class LazySingletonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
}
}
class LazySingleton{
private static LazySingleton instance;
private LazySingleton(){
}
public static LazySingleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
synchronized (LazySingleton.class){
if(instance == null){//防止一开始一开始null两个线程都走到了代码块里面,防止多例
instance = new LazySingleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
但在字节码层面,防止指令重排javap -v XXX.class,(没有初始化就赋值了)
package single.lazysingleton;
public class LazySingletonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
LazySingleton instance = LazySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
}
}
class LazySingleton{
private volatile static LazySingleton instance;
private LazySingleton(){
}
public static LazySingleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
synchronized (LazySingleton.class){
if(instance == null){//防止一开始两个线程都走到了代码块里面,防止多例
instance = new LazySingleton();
//字节码层面
//JIT CPU
//1.分配空间
//2.初始化
//3.引用赋值
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
1.懒汉模式:延迟加载,只有在真正使用的时候, 才开始实例化。
1)线程安全问题
2) double check加锁优化
3)编译器(JIT),CPU 有可能对指令进行重排序,导致使用到尚末初始化的实例,可以通过添加volatile 关键字进行修饰,对于volatile修饰的字段,可以防止指令重排
#饿汉模式引入
package singleton.hungrysingleton;
public class HungrySingleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HungrySingleton instance = HungrySingleton.getInstance();
HungrySingleton instance1 = HungrySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance == instance1);
}
}
//饿汉模式
class HungrySingleton{
private static HungrySingleton instance =new HungrySingleton();
private HungrySingleton(){
}
public static HungrySingleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
2.饿汉模式:
类加载的初始化阶段就完成了实例的初始化。本质上就是借助于jvm类加载机制,保证实例的唯一性。
类加载过程:
1,加载二进制数据到内存中,生成对应的Class数据结构
2,连接: a.验证,b.准备(给类的静态成员变量赋默认值),c.解析
3,初始化:给类的静态变量赋初值
只有在真正使用对应的类时,才会触发初始化如(当前类是启动类即main函数所在类,直接进行new 操作,访问静态属性、访问静态方法,用反射访问类,初始化-个类的子类等.)
3.静态内部类
1).本质上是利用类的加载机制来保证线程安全
2).只有在实际使用的时候,才会触发类的初始化,所以也是懒加载的-种形式。
package singleton.innerclasssingleton;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
public class InnerClassSingletonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
/*InnerClassSingleton instance = InnerClassSingleton.getInstance();
InnerClassSingleton instance1 = InnerClassSingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance == instance1);*/
//测试多线程
/* new Thread( ()->{
InnerClassSingleton instance = InnerClassSingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();
new Thread( ()->{
InnerClassSingleton instance = InnerClassSingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}).start();*/
//通过反射实现
//拿到构造函数
Constructor<InnerClassSingleton> declaredConstructor = InnerClassSingleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
InnerClassSingleton innerClassSingleton = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
InnerClassSingleton instance = InnerClassSingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(innerClassSingleton == instance);
}
}
class InnerClassSingleton{//基于jvm,懒加载
private static class InnerClassHolder{
private static InnerClassSingleton instance = new InnerClassSingleton();
}
private InnerClassSingleton(){
if(InnerClassHolder.instance != null){
throw new RuntimeException("单例不允许多个实例");
}
}
public static InnerClassSingleton getInstance(){
return InnerClassHolder.instance;
}
}
4.反射创建实例
代码如上(暴力反射)
使用静态内部类可以通过判断对反射攻击进行防护