Esp32中Wi-Fi 开发介绍及使用：AP模式与STA模式常用函数详解

bool softAP(const char* ssid, const char* passphrase = NULL, int channel = 1, int ssid_hidden = 0, int max_connection = 4, bool ftm_responder = false);

ssid 设置 Wi-Fi 网络 SSID。
passphrase 设置 Wi-Fi 网络密码。如果网络时开放的，则设置为 NULL。
channel 配置 Wi-Fi 信道.Wi-Fi信道是指无线网络中传输数据的通道，类似于有线网络中的电缆。信道的带宽是固定的，而且在同一时间内只能有一个设备使用该信道。如果两个设备同时使用相同的信道，则会发生干扰，从而降低信号质量。
ssid_hidden 将网络设置为隐藏
max_connection 设置最大同时连接数。默认值为 4。
ftm_responder 设置 Wi-Fi FTM 响应程序功能。仅适用于 ESP32-S2 和 ESP32-C3 SoC！

如果配置成功，则返回 true。

3.使用函数softAPConfig配置静态IP、网关、子网掩码

bool softAPConfig(IPAddress local_ip, IPAddress gateway, IPAddress subnet);

local_ip IP地址 gateway 网关 subnet 子网掩码

如果配置成功，则返回 true。

4.使用函数softAPdisconnect强制断开AP连接

bool softAPdisconnect(bool wifioff = false);

wifioff 设置位true时断开连接

如果配置成功，该函数将返回 true。

5.使用函数softAPgetStationNum获取连接到AP的客户端数量

uint8_t softAPgetStationNum();

6.获取AP的IPv4地址

IPAddress softAPIP();

7.获取 AP IPv4 广播地址

IPAddress softAPBroadcastIP();

8.获取AP的network ID

IPAddress softAPNetworkID();

该函数将以 IPAddress 格式返回 AP 网络地址。

9.获取AP的子网网段

uint8_t softAPSubnetCIDR();

10.获取AP的子网掩码

IPAddress softAPSubnetMask();

11.启用IPv6

bool softAPenableIpV6();

如果配置成功，该函数将返回 true。

12.获取IPv6地址

IPv6Address softAPIPv6();

该函数将以 IPv6 地址格式返回 AP IPv6 地址。

13.获取AP主机名

const char * softAPgetHostname();

14.设置AP主机名

bool softAPsetHostname(const char * hostname);

如果配置成功，该函数将返回 true。

15.设置AP的MAC地址（如果某些特定情况下需要自定义mac地址）

uint8_t* softAPmacAddress(uint8_t* mac);

16.获取设置的AP的MAC地址

String softAPmacAddress(void);

17.获取AP的SSID

String softAPSSID(void) const;

三、AP模式示例代码

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WiFiAP.h>

#define LED_BUILTIN 2   // Set the GPIO pin where you connected your test LED or comment this line out if your dev board has a built-in LED

// Set these to your desired credentials.
const char *ssid = "yourAP";
const char *password = "yourPassword";

WiFiServer server(80);


void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("Configuring access point...");

  // You can remove the password parameter if you want the AP to be open.
  // a valid password must have more than 7 characters
  if (!WiFi.softAP(ssid, password)) {
    log_e("Soft AP creation failed.");
    while(1);
  }
  IPAddress myIP = WiFi.softAPIP();
  Serial.print("AP IP address: ");
  Serial.println(myIP);
  server.begin();

  Serial.println("Server started");
}

void loop() {
  WiFiClient client = server.available();   // listen for incoming clients

  if (client) {                             // if you get a client,
    Serial.println("New Client.");           // print a message out the serial port
    String currentLine = "";                // make a String to hold incoming data from the client
    while (client.connected()) {            // loop while the client's connected
      if (client.available()) {             // if there's bytes to read from the client,
        char c = client.read();             // read a byte, then
        Serial.write(c);                    // print it out the serial monitor
        if (c == '\n') {                    // if the byte is a newline character

          // if the current line is blank, you got two newline characters in a row.
          // that's the end of the client HTTP request, so send a response:
          if (currentLine.length() == 0) {
            // HTTP headers always start with a response code (e.g. HTTP/1.1 200 OK)
            // and a content-type so the client knows what's coming, then a blank line:
            client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
            client.println("Content-type:text/html");
            client.println();

            // the content of the HTTP response follows the header:
            client.print("Click <a href=\"/H\">here</a> to turn ON the LED.<br>");
            client.print("Click <a href=\"/L\">here</a> to turn OFF the LED.<br>");

            // The HTTP response ends with another blank line:
            client.println();
            // break out of the while loop:
            break;
          } else {    // if you got a newline, then clear currentLine:
            currentLine = "";
          }
        } else if (c != '\r') {  // if you got anything else but a carriage return character,
          currentLine += c;      // add it to the end of the currentLine
        }

        // Check to see if the client request was "GET /H" or "GET /L":
        if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /H")) {
          digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);               // GET /H turns the LED on
        }
        if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /L")) {
          digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);                // GET /L turns the LED off
        }
      }
    }
    // close the connection:
    client.stop();
    Serial.println("Client Disconnected.");
  }
}

四、STA模式下常用函数

1.连接WiFi

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

检查WiFi的状态

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
}

连接出成果后可以打印网络的IP地址

Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

2.连接wifi

wl_status_t begin(const char* ssid, const char *passphrase = NULL, int32_t channel = 0, const uint8_t* bssid = NULL, bool connect = true);

或者

wl_status_t begin(char* ssid, char *passphrase = NULL, int32_t channel = 0, const uint8_t* bssid = NULL, bool connect = true);

ssid AP的SSID

passphrase 密码，如果时开放网络则设置NULL

channel 设置WiFi信道

uint8_t* bssid 设置AP无线射频的MAC地址(48位),是每个BSS的唯一标识符

connect 设置为 true 以自动连接到配置的网络.

3.用config设置wifi配置

bool config(IPAddress local_ip, IPAddress gateway, IPAddress subnet, IPAddress dns1 = (uint32_t)0x00000000, IPAddress dns2 = (uint32_t)0x00000000);

local_ip ip地址 gateway 网关 subnet 子网掩码 dns1 dns dns2 备用dns

如果配置成功，该函数将返回 true。

IPAddress 格式由 4 个字节定义，如下所述：

IPAddress(uint8_t first_octet, uint8_t second_octet, uint8_t third_octet, uint8_t fourth_octet);

例如

IPAddress local_ip(192, 168, 10, 20);

4.重连

bool reconnect();

5.断开连接

bool disconnect(bool wifioff = false, bool eraseap = false);

wifioff 使用true关闭wifi连接

eraseap 使用 true 从 NVS 内存中擦除 AP 配置。

6.判断是否连接

bool isConnected();

7.设置自动连接

bool setAutoReconnect(bool autoReconnect);

8.连接丢失时自动重连

bool getAutoReconnect();

如果启用此设置，该函数将返回 true

9.将 AP 的最低安全性设置为可连接

bool setMinSecurity(wifi_auth_mode_t minSecurity);

minSecurity 是 AP 被视为可连接的最低安全性。默认值为WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK

10.多无线连接WiFiMulti

支持连接多个ap,以下添加要连接的ap

bool addAP(const char* ssid, const char *passphrase = NULL);

用run函数运行

uint8_t run(uint32_t connectTimeout=5000);

多WiFi连接的例子

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiMulti.h>

WiFiMulti wifiMulti;

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(115200);
    delay(10);

    wifiMulti.addAP("ssid_from_AP_1", "your_password_for_AP_1");
    wifiMulti.addAP("ssid_from_AP_2", "your_password_for_AP_2");
    wifiMulti.addAP("ssid_from_AP_3", "your_password_for_AP_3");

    Serial.println("Connecting Wifi...");
    if(wifiMulti.run() == WL_CONNECTED) {
        Serial.println("");
        Serial.println("WiFi connected");
        Serial.println("IP address: ");
        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    }
}

void loop()
{
    if(wifiMulti.run() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        Serial.println("WiFi not connected!");
        delay(1000);
    }
}

11.wifi扫描WiFiScan

int16_t scanNetworks(bool async = false, bool show_hidden = false, bool passive = false, uint32_t max_ms_per_chan = 300, uint8_t channel = 0);

调用以获取异步模式下的扫描状态。

int16_t scanComplete();

从 RAM 中删除上次扫描结果。

void scanDelete();

将所有信息从扫描的 wifi 加载到 ptr 参数中。

bool getNetworkInfo(uint8_t networkItem, String &ssid, uint8_t &encryptionType, int32_t &RSSI, uint8_t* &BSSID, int32_t &channel);

wifi扫描例子

#include "WiFi.h"

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(115200);

    // Set WiFi to station mode and disconnect from an AP if it was previously connected.
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
    WiFi.disconnect();
    delay(100);

    Serial.println("Setup done");
}

void loop()
{
    Serial.println("Scan start");

    // WiFi.scanNetworks will return the number of networks found.
    int n = WiFi.scanNetworks();
    Serial.println("Scan done");
    if (n == 0) {
        Serial.println("no networks found");
    } else {
        Serial.print(n);
        Serial.println(" networks found");
        Serial.println("Nr | SSID                             | RSSI | CH | Encryption");
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            // Print SSID and RSSI for each network found
            Serial.printf("%2d",i + 1);
            Serial.print(" | ");
            Serial.printf("%-32.32s", WiFi.SSID(i).c_str());
            Serial.print(" | ");
            Serial.printf("%4d", WiFi.RSSI(i));
            Serial.print(" | ");
            Serial.printf("%2d", WiFi.channel(i));
            Serial.print(" | ");
            switch (WiFi.encryptionType(i))
            {
            case WIFI_AUTH_OPEN:
                Serial.print("open");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WEP:
                Serial.print("WEP");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK:
                Serial.print("WPA");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK:
                Serial.print("WPA2");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK:
                Serial.print("WPA+WPA2");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_ENTERPRISE:
                Serial.print("WPA2-EAP");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WPA3_PSK:
                Serial.print("WPA3");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_WPA3_PSK:
                Serial.print("WPA2+WPA3");
                break;
            case WIFI_AUTH_WAPI_PSK:
                Serial.print("WAPI");
                break;
            default:
                Serial.print("unknown");
            }
            Serial.println();
            delay(10);
        }
    }
    Serial.println("");

    // Delete the scan result to free memory for code below.
    WiFi.scanDelete();

    // Wait a bit before scanning again.
    delay(5000);
}

五、Wifi STA示例代码


#include <WiFi.h>

const char* ssid     = "your-ssid"; // Change this to your WiFi SSID
const char* password = "your-password"; // Change this to your WiFi password

const char* host = "api.thingspeak.com"; // This should not be changed
const int httpPort = 80; // This should not be changed
const String channelID   = "2005329"; // Change this to your channel ID
const String writeApiKey = "V6YOTILH9I7D51F9"; // Change this to your Write API key
const String readApiKey = "34W6LGLIFXD56MPM"; // Change this to your Read API key

// The default example accepts one data filed named "field1"
// For your own server you can ofcourse create more of them.
int field1 = 0;

int numberOfResults = 3; // Number of results to be read
int fieldNumber = 1; // Field number which will be read out

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(115200);
    while(!Serial){delay(100);}

    // We start by connecting to a WiFi network

    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("******************************************************");
    Serial.print("Connecting to ");
    Serial.println(ssid);

    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
    }

    Serial.println("");
    Serial.println("WiFi connected");
    Serial.println("IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void readResponse(WiFiClient *client){
  unsigned long timeout = millis();
  while(client->available() == 0){
    if(millis() - timeout > 5000){
      Serial.println(">>> Client Timeout !");
      client->stop();
      return;
    }
  }

  // Read all the lines of the reply from server and print them to Serial
  while(client->available()) {
    String line = client->readStringUntil('\r');
    Serial.print(line);
  }

  Serial.printf("\nClosing connection\n\n");
}

void loop(){
  WiFiClient client;
  String footer = String(" HTTP/1.1\r\n") + "Host: " + String(host) + "\r\n" + "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";

  // WRITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) {
    return;
  }

  client.print("GET /update?api_key=" + writeApiKey + "&field1=" + field1 + footer);
  readResponse(&client);

  // READ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  String readRequest = "GET /channels/" + channelID + "/fields/" + fieldNumber + ".json?results=" + numberOfResults + " HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
                       "Host: " + host + "\r\n" +
                       "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";

  if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) {
    return;
  }

  client.print(readRequest);
  readResponse(&client);

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ++field1;
  delay(10000);
}