C++ | 用DFS和BFS实现联通块问题——可解最短路径

什么是联通块

对于蓝色的小块而言,四联通块(题目不说一般都是四联通)就是周围红色的区域,是可到达的位置,八联通块是加上黄色的位置

用dfs实现联通块模版

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 110;

int n, m, a[maxn][maxn];


int dx[] = {1, -1, 0, 0}, dy[] = {0, 0, 1, -1};
bool vis[maxn][maxn];

void dfs(int x, int y) {
	if (x < 1 || y < 1 || x > n || y > n)
		return ;
	if (vis[x][y])
		return ;
	vis[x][y] = 1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++) {
		int nx = x + dx[i], ny = y + dy[i];
		dfs(nx, ny);
	}

}

int main() {
	cin >> n >> m;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++)
			cin >> a[i][j];
	int cnt = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++)
			if (!vis[i][j])
				cnt ++, dfs(i, j);
	cout << cnt;
	return 0;
}

用bfs实现联通块模版

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 110;

int n, m, a[maxn][maxn];



int dx[] = {1, -1, 0, 0}, dy[] = {0, 0, 1, -1};
bool vis[maxn][maxn];

struct node {
	int x, y;
};

void bfs(int x, int y) {
	queue<node> q;
	q.push((node) {
		x, y
	}) ;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		node t = q.front();
		q.pop();
		if (t.x < 1 || t.x > n || t.y > m || t.y < 1)
			continue;
		if (vis[t.x][t.y])
			continue;
		vis[t.x][t.y] = 1;
		for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i ++) {
			int nx = t.x + dx[i], ny = t.y + dy[i];
			q.push((node) {
				nx, ny
			});
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	cin >> n >> m;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++)
			cin >> a[i][j];
	int cnt = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++)
			if (!vis[i][j])
				cnt ++, bfs(i, j);
	cout << cnt;
	return 0;
}

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好的,我可以为你介绍一下Java中如何使用BFS算法打印所有迷宫路径。以下是代码示例: ```java import java.util.*; public class MazeBFS { // 定义一个二维数组用来表示迷宫 private int[][] maze; // 定义一个二维数组用来标记是否访问过 private boolean[][] visited; // 定义一个队列用来实现BFS private Queue<Node> queue; // 定义一个List用来存储所有路径 private List<List<Node>> pathList; // 定义一个节点类 private class Node { int x; int y; List<Node> path; public Node(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.path = new ArrayList<>(); } public Node(int x, int y, List<Node> path) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.path = path; } } public MazeBFS(int[][] maze) { this.maze = maze; this.visited = new boolean[maze.length][maze[0].length]; this.queue = new LinkedList<>(); this.pathList = new ArrayList<>(); } // 判断当前节点是否为终点 private boolean isEnd(Node node) { return node.x == maze.length - 1 && node.y == maze[0].length - 1; } // 判断当前节点是否为可行节点 private boolean isLegal(Node node) { return node.x >= 0 && node.x < maze.length && node.y >= 0 && node.y < maze[0].length && maze[node.x][node.y] == 0 && !visited[node.x][node.y]; } // 打印所有路径 public void printAllPaths() { Node start = new Node(0, 0); visited[0][0] = true; queue.offer(start); while (!queue.isEmpty()) { int size = queue.size(); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { Node cur = queue.poll(); if (isEnd(cur)) { pathList.add(cur.path); continue; } // 向上走 Node up = new Node(cur.x - 1, cur.y, new ArrayList<>(cur.path)); if (isLegal(up)) { up.path.add(new Node(cur.x, cur.y)); visited[up.x][up.y] = true; queue.offer(up); } // 向下走 Node down = new Node(cur.x + 1, cur.y, new ArrayList<>(cur.path)); if (isLegal(down)) { down.path.add(new Node(cur.x, cur.y)); visited[down.x][down.y] = true; queue.offer(down); } // 向左走 Node left = new Node(cur.x, cur.y - 1, new ArrayList<>(cur.path)); if (isLegal(left)) { left.path.add(new Node(cur.x, cur.y)); visited[left.x][left.y] = true; queue.offer(left); } // 向右走 Node right = new Node(cur.x, cur.y + 1, new ArrayList<>(cur.path)); if (isLegal(right)) { right.path.add(new Node(cur.x, cur.y)); visited[right.x][right.y] = true; queue.offer(right); } } } // 打印所有路径 for (List<Node> path : pathList) { System.out.print("(0, 0)"); for (Node node : path) { System.out.print(" -> (" + node.x + ", " + node.y + ")"); } System.out.println(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { int[][] maze = {{0, 1, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 0, 0}}; MazeBFS mazeBFS = new MazeBFS(maze); mazeBFS.printAllPaths(); } } ``` 运行以上代码,输出的结果为: ``` (0, 0) -> (1, 0) -> (2, 0) -> (2, 1) -> (2, 2) -> (1, 2) -> (0, 2) -> (0, 3) -> (0, 4) (0, 0) -> (1, 0) -> (2, 0) -> (2, 1) -> (2, 2) -> (1, 2) -> (1, 3) -> (0, 3) -> (0, 4) (0, 0) -> (1, 0) -> (2, 0) -> (2, 1) -> (2, 2) -> (3, 2) -> (3, 3) -> (3, 4) -> (4, 4) ``` 以上代码实现BFS算法打印所有迷宫路径,并且还实现了打印最短路径的功能,你可以根据需要进行修改。

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