PMP 验收和核实区别（Validation Versus Verification）

Validation and verification are two important terms in project management; they seem very similar, and it’s easy to get them confused.

验收和核实是项目管理中的两个重要术语;它们看起来很相似，很容易混淆。

These are important concepts and any PMP aspirants needs to understand them well. I will explain these terms fully, so you will have a better understanding of them when you finish this blog post.

这些都是重要的概念，任何PMP的追求者都需要很好地理解它们。我会详细解释这些术语，这样当你完成这篇博客文章时，你会对它们有更好的理解。

This topic is not very important from the PMP exam point of view. However, as a project manager, you must know the difference between these terms.

从PMP考试的角度来看，这个题目不是很重要。但是，作为项目经理，您必须知道这些术语之间的区别。

 

Validation（验收、确认）

This is about building the right thing if you have developed the correct product, and whether it meets customers’ requirements or not.

这是关于如果你开发了正确的产品，构建正确的东西，以及它是否满足客户的需求。

Validation is a subjective process. It shows you how well the product fulfilled the customer’s requirements. Modeling, simulation, and user evaluation are a few examples of this process.

验收是一个主观过程。它向你展示了产品如何很好地满足了客户的要求。建模、仿真和用户评估就是这个过程的一些例子。

For example, let’s say that you are developing a cell phone for your customers. You have conducted market research and collected the features the item should have. Then you started the production.

例如，假设您正在为客户开发一款手机。你已经进行了市场调查并收集了该产品应有的特性。然后开始制作。

However, when the cell phone is finally launched, it does not get the expected market response. Eventually, it fails.

然而，当这款手机最终上市时，并没有得到预期的市场反应。最终,它失败了。

Here, you would say that the product could not be validated because it failed to meet the customers’ needs. Validation is about product testing and it is a subjective process.

在这里，你会说产品不能被验收，因为它没有满足客户的需求。验收是一个关于产品测试的主观过程。

 

Verification（核实）

This is about building the product correctly, whether it meets all stated quality requirements and is as described.

这是关于正确地构建产品，是否满足所有规定的质量要求，是否如描述的那样。

Verification is an objective process. All quality requirements must be well documented for proper measurement and analysis.

核实是一个客观的过程。所有的质量要求都必须记录在案，以便进行适当的测量和分析。

For example, let’s say that you are developing a cell phone. You have conducted market research and collected all the information on required features. You develop a plan to build the product. You complete all the requirements and develop the procedure accordingly.

例如，假设您正在开发一款手机。您已经进行了市场调查并收集了所有有关所需功能的信息。你制定一个计划来构建产品。您完成了所有的要求并相应地开发了程序。

Now, the production process has started. You will perform an inspection during the process to make sure that everything is going according to plan.

现在，生产过程已经开始。你将在生产过程中进行检查以确保一切都按计划进行。

If the product meets requirements, this means it has been verified. Verification ensures that the product is of high quality. It is useful in making sure the product error-free.

如果产品满足要求，这意味着它已经被核实。验收确保了产品的高质量。它有助于确保产品没有错误。

 

Difference Between Verification and Validation

Validation ensures that specifications meet customer requirements, while verification ensures that products meet the specifications.

验收确保规格符合客户要求，而核实确保产品符合规格。

• Verification evaluates the process and the product in development, while validation evaluates the product itself.
• 核实评估过程和开发中的产品，而验收评估产品本身。
• Verification helps the product be built the right way. The objective of validation is to build the right product.
• 核实有助于以正确的方式构建产品。验收的目的是构建正确的产品。
• Inspection and document review are verification tools. Validation activities include testing the product.
• 检查和文件评审是核实工具。验收活动包括测试产品。
• The project management team performs the verification process, while validation is performed by the client or customer.
• 项目管理团队执行核实过程，而验收由客户或客户执行。

It is possible for the product to pass verification but fail validation.

产品有可能通过核实但没有通过验收。

You can see this in the example provided; the company developed a cell phone that passed through the verification process. However, when they launched it, the customer response was not good. The product failed and this means the product can’t be validated.

你可以在提供的例子中看到这一点;该公司开发了一款通过认证的手机。然而，当他们推出这款产品时，客户的反应并不好。产品失败，这意味着产品不能被验收。

 

Summary（总结）

Validation and verification are independent procedures. The project manager uses them to make sure they have built the right product in the correct way. Verification is about conformance to specifications, it is an internal process. Validation is about customer expectation and it is often an external, subjective process. Verification comes before validation.

验证和核实是独立的过程。项目经理使用它们来确保他们以正确的方式构建了正确的产品。核实是关于规范的一致性，它是一个内部过程。验收是关于客户期望的，它通常是一个外部的、主观的过程。核实先于验收。

 

参考资料：

Validation Versus Verification